【Java】【Oracle】Java操作Oracle 12c数据库基本步骤介绍——从零开始#1

    如果你操作的MySQL数据库，请参见：http://blog.csdn.net/wolfofsiberian/article/details/39852569

    Oracle数据库的Java操作，其基本步骤与其他的数据库一样的。

1、下载驱动程序

请到官网下载Oracle 12c的jdbc驱动包，使用的时候请根据自己的JDK版本来区别使用jdbc的版本。

Oracle 12c的jdbc驱动下载页面为：

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/jdbc/jdbc-drivers-12c-download-1958347.html

JDK7请使用ojdbc7.jar  JDK6请使用ojdbc6.jar

2、将驱动包配置到classpath，否则会出现编译错误

环境变量的设置相信大家已经非常熟悉，但是请记得，在添加oracle jdbc包路径的时候，请在最后添加一个分号结束。具体为什么请参见：http://blog.csdn.net/wolfofsiberian/article/details/39926099

3、Java代码实现

/**
* Java操作Oracle数据库
* @author:WolfOfSiberian
* @email:QuietWolf@yeah.net
* @create time:2014/10/09 10:13
*/
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;

public class OperateOracle{
	private Connection conn = null;
	private Statement stmt = null;
	private ResultSet rs = null;
	/**
	* To Get Connection Object
	*/
	public Connection getConnection()throws Exception{
		//1. Load Driver
		Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver").newInstance();
		//2. get Connection
		conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:test","scott","tiger");
		
		System.out.println("Congratulation to you! Connected Oracle successfully!");
		
		return conn;
	}
	
	/**
	* Executes the given SQL statement, which returns a single ResultSet object.
	* @param sql   an SQL statement to be sent to the database, typically a static SQL SELECT statementSQL String
	* @return a ResultSet object that contains the data produced by the given query; never null
	* @Throws
	*/
	public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql)throws Exception{
		getConnection();
		stmt = conn.createStatement();
		rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
		
		return rs;
	}
	
	/** 
    * free the Resource
    */  
    public void freeResultSet()throws SQLException{  
        if(rs != null){  
            rs.close();  
            rs = null;  
        }  
        if(stmt != null){  
            stmt.close();  
            stmt = null;  
        }  
        if(conn != null){  
            conn.close();  
            conn = null;  
        }  
    }  
	
	/**
	* output format
	*/
	public static String formatOutput(final String str,final int maxLen){
		int strLen = str.length();
		String returnStr=str;
		for(int i = (maxLen - strLen);i > 0;i--){
			returnStr = returnStr + " ";
		}
		
		return returnStr;
	}
	//main 入口
	public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{
		OperateOracle oracle=new OperateOracle();  
        //ResultSet tempRs = oracle.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM dept;");//sql语句后此处，不要加分号，否则会运行报错。  
		ResultSet tempRs = oracle.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM dept");
		
        int deptno = 0;  
        String dname = null;  
		String loc = null;
		
        int rowCount = 0;  
          
		//output format
		String splitStr = "     ";
        System.out.println(formatOutput("DEPTNO",2)+splitStr+formatOutput("DNAME",14)+splitStr+formatOutput("LOC",13));  
        System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
		while(tempRs.next()){  
            rowCount++;  
			deptno = tempRs.getInt("DEPTNO");
            dname =   tempRs.getString("DNAME");  
            loc = tempRs.getString("LOC");  
              
            System.out.println(formatOutput(String.valueOf(deptno),2)+splitStr+formatOutput(dname,14)+splitStr+formatOutput(loc,13));  
        }  
        //free  
        oracle.freeResultSet();  
	}
}

运行结果：

F:\01 Java\01 Project\00 ConnectDatabase>java OperateOracle
Congratulation to you! Connected Oracle successfully!
DEPTNO     DNAME              LOC
----------------------------------------
10     ACCOUNTING         NEW YORK
20     RESEARCH           DALLAS
30     SALES              CHICAGO
40     OPERATIONS         BOSTON