Servlet_Context(上下文对象)

Servlet_Context

什么是ServletContext

概念：每个Web项目对应了一个上下文对象，上下文对象与项目(模块)是一对一的关系。

创建的时机：在Tomcat启动的时候，由Tomcat创建，我们可以在Servlet中去使用。

ServletContext是一个接口，由Tomcat实现它的类

主要作用：

1. 读取全局的配置参数

2. 读取web目录下的资源

3. 得到web目录下资源的真实地址

得到上下文域的方法

ServletConfig接口中方法	描述
ServletConetext getServeltContext();	继承于父类，可以直接使用这个方法得到上下文对象

ServletContext：读取全局的配置参数

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">
    <context-param>
        <param-name>username</param-name>
        <param-value>wsl</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>age</param-name>
        <param-value>18</param-value>
    </context-param>
</web-app>

package com.itheima03;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

@WebServlet("/demo01")
public class Demo01Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取上下文对象`
        ServletContext application = getServletContext();
        //读取全局参数值，username就是在web.xml文件中参数名
        String username = application.getInitParameter("username");
        System.out.println("姓名"+username);
        //读取所有的信息
        Enumeration<String> names = application.getInitParameterNames();
        while(names.hasMoreElements()){//判断是否有下一个元素
            //如果有下一个元素就获取
            String s = names.nextElement();
            String parameter = application.getInitParameter(s);
            System.out.println("参数名："+s+" 值:"+parameter);
        }
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

效果图

小结

方法	功能
String getInitParameter(String name)	通过参数名获取全局的参数值
Enumeration getInitParameterNames()	获取所有全局参数名

ServletContext：获取当前工程的资源

需求：

在WEB-INF目录下有一张图片，要显示出来

流程：

用户访问Servlet -> 通过输入流读取文件 -> 写到浏览器上显示

好处：可以控制用户的访问，没有盗链的风险

效果

package com.itheima.servlet;

import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

@WebServlet("/demo03")
public class Demo03Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //得到一个输出流
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
        //得到上下文对象
        ServletContext application = getServletContext();
        InputStream inputStream = application.getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/VCG211126173663.jpg");
        //创建一个IOUtils
        IOUtils.copy(inputStream,outputStream);
        outputStream.close();
        inputStream.close();
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

ServletContext：获取资源在服务器的真实地址

需求

读取web目录下资源，部署到服务器上真实地址，这个地址是变化的。

代码

package com.itheima.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

@WebServlet("/demo04")
public class Demo04Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        ServletContext application = getServletContext();
        String path = application.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/VCG211126173663.jpg");
        out.print("图片的真实路径是："+path);

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

效果

上下文域的操作方法

ServletContext方法	作用
Object getAttribute(“键”)	获取上下文域中值
void setAttribute(“键”, Object 值)	添加或修改上下文域值
void removeAttribute(“键”)	删除上下文域中指定的键和值

案例

得到当前是第几个登录的用户

分析

1. 上下文域的操作方法
2. 得到第几个登录用户的分析

代码

package com.itheima.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

@WebServlet("/login")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    //重写舒适化方法
    @Override
    public void init() throws ServletException {
        getServletContext().setAttribute("sum",0);
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        ServletContext application = getServletContext();
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        //得到用户登录的信息
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println(username+password);
        //判断用户名和密码是否正确
        if(username.equals("张三")&&password.equals("123")){
            //如果登录成功重新设置上下文域中的内容
            int sum = (int)application.getAttribute("sum");
            application.setAttribute("sum",++sum);
            //再告诉用户是第几个登录的
            out.print("您是第："+ sum +"个登录");
        }else {
            out.print("登录失败");
        }
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

效果