《Python编程入门到实践》 用户输入和while循环

知识清单

动手试一试

1. 汽车租赁：编写一个程序询问用户要租赁什么样的汽车并打印一条消息

car = input('Plesea input the tpye of car you want:')
print('You choose the type of car is '+ car)

结果：

Plesea input the tpye of car you want:BWM
You choose the type of car is BWM

2. 餐厅订位：询问用户有多少人用餐，如果超过8人就打印消息没有空位，否则有

num = input('Please input how many people : ')
num = int(num)
if num >8:
    print('Sorry!There is not a table for you now.')
else:
    print('OK!Please wait a moument.')

结果：

Please input how many people : 7
OK!Please wait a moument.

Please input how many people : 9
Sorry!There is not a table for you now.

3. 10的整倍数：让用户输入一个数字指出该数是否是10的整倍数

num = input('Please input a number: ')
num = int(num)
if num%10 == 0:
    print('The number is multiple of ten.')
else:
    print('The number is not multiple of ten.')

结果：

Please input a number: 24
The number is not multiple of ten.

Please input a number: 100
The number is multiple of ten.

4. 披萨原料：编写一个循环，提示用户输入一系列的比萨配料，并在用户输入’quit’时结束循环。每当用户输入一种配料后，都打印一条消息，说我们会在比萨中添加这种配料。

ingredients = '\nPlease choose waht you want to eat:'
ingredients += "\nEnter 'quit' to end."
flag = True
while flag:
    messeage = input(ingredients)
    #print('OK.We will add it in pizza.')
    if messeage =='quit':
        flag = False
    else:
        print('OK.We will add '+messeage+'it in pizza.\n')

结果：

Please choose waht you want to eat:
Enter 'quit' to end.tomato
OK.We will add tomatoit in pizza.


Please choose waht you want to eat:
Enter 'quit' to end.beef
OK.We will add beefit in pizza.


Please choose waht you want to eat:
Enter 'quit' to end.quit

Process finished with exit code 0

5. 电影票：有家电影院根据观众的年龄收取不同的票价：不到 3 岁的观众免费；3~12 岁的观众为 10 美元；超过 12 岁的观众为 15 美元。请编写一个循环，在其中询问用户的年龄，并指出其票价。

age = input("How old are you? ")
age = int(age)
if age < 3:
    print("Free")
elif 3 < age < 12:
    print("10 dollars.")
else:
    print("15 dollars.")

6. 三个出口：以另一种方式完成练习 7-4 或练习 7-5，在程序中采取如下所有做法。
   1） 在 while 循环中使用条件测试来结束循环。
   2） 使用变量 active 来控制循环结束的时机。
   3）使用 break 语句在用户输入’quit’时退出循环。

active = True
while active:
    age = input("How old are you? ")
    if age == "quit":
        active = False
        break
    age = int(age)
    if age < 3:
        print("Free fare.")
    elif 3 < age < 12:
        print("The fare is 10 dollars.")
    else:
        print("The fare is 15 dollars.")

结果：

How old are you? 21
The fare is 15 dollars.
How old are you? 12
The fare is 15 dollars.
How old are you? quit
Process finished with exit code 0

7. 无限循环： 编写一个没完没了的循环，并运行它（要结束该循环，可按 Ctrl +C，也可关闭显示输出的窗口）。

a = 1
while a <10:
    print(a)

8. 熟食店： 创建一个名为 sandwich_orders 的列表，在其中包含各种三明治的名字；再创建一个名为 finished_sandwiches 的空列表。遍历列表 sandwich_orders，对于其中的每种三明治，都打印一条消息，如 I made your tuna sandwich，并将其移到列finished_sandwiches。所有三明治都制作好后，打印一条消息，将这些三明治列出来。

sandwich_orders = ['BBQ sandwich','fruit sandwich','vegetable sandwich']
finished_sandwich = []
while sandwich_orders:
    sandwich = sandwich_orders.pop()
    print('I made your '+ sandwich)
    finished_sandwich.append(sandwich)
print(finished_sandwich)

结果：

I made your vegetable sandwich
I made your fruit sandwich
I made your BBQ sandwich
['vegetable sandwich', 'fruit sandwich', 'BBQ sandwich']

9. 五香熏牛肉（pastrami卖完了）使用为完成练习 7-8 而创建的列表sandwich_orders，并确保’pastrami’在其中至少出现了三次。在程序开头附近添加这样的代码：打印一条消息，指出熟食店的五香烟熏牛肉卖完了；再使用一个 while 循环将列表 sandwich_orders 中的’pastrami’都删除。确认最终的列表 finished_sandwiches 中不包含’pastrami’。

print('Pastrami is null.')
sandwich_orders = ['BBQ sandwich','fruit sandwich','vegetable sandwich']
sandwich_orders.append('pastrami')
sandwich_orders.append('pastrami')
sandwich_orders.append('pastrami')
# print(sandwich_orders)  ['BBQ sandwich', 'fruit sandwich', 'vegetable sandwich', 'pastrami', 'pastrami', 'pastrami']
finished_sandwich = []
while 'pastrami' in sandwich_orders:
    sandwich_orders.remove('pastrami')
while sandwich_orders:
    sandwich = sandwich_orders.pop()
    print('\nI made your '+ sandwich)
    finished_sandwich.append(sandwich)
    print('finished_sandwich:'+str(finished_sandwich))

结果：

Pastrami is null.

I made your vegetable sandwich
finished_sandwich:['vegetable sandwich']

I made your fruit sandwich
finished_sandwich:['vegetable sandwich', 'fruit sandwich']

I made your BBQ sandwich
finished_sandwich:['vegetable sandwich', 'fruit sandwich', 'BBQ sandwich']

10. 梦想的度假胜地：编写一个程序，调查用户梦想的度假胜地。使用类似于“If you could visit one place in the world, where would you go?”的提示，并编写一个打印调查结果的代码块。

resorts = {}
flag = True
while flag:
    name = input('\nYour name is: ')
    resort = input('If you could visit one place in the world, where would you go? ')
    resorts[name] = name
    resorts[resort]=resort
    repeat = input("Would you like to let another person respond? (y/ n)")
    if repeat == 'n':
        flag = False

for name,resort in resorts.items():
    print(name+' likes resorts include '+resort)

结果：

Your name is: TuTu
If you could visit one place in the world, where would you go? Pairs
Would you like to let another person respond? (y/ n)y

Your name is: CK
If you could visit one place in the world, where would you go? Zunyi
Would you like to let another person respond? (y/ n)n
TuTu likes resorts include TuTu
Pairs likes resorts include Pairs
CK likes resorts include CK
Zunyi likes resorts include Zunyi

小结：
使用input()来让用户提供信息，处理文本和数字输入；用while循环让程序按用户的要求不断地运行；多种控制while循环流程的方式；设置活动标志；break语句以及continue语句；使用while循环在列表之间移动元素以及从列表中删除包含特定值的元素；结合while和字典。