C#实现Diff算法

Diff算法是一种比较两个文本文件差异的算法，主要分为两个步骤：生成编辑脚本和应用编辑脚本。下面是一个使用C#实现Diff算法的示例代码，仅供参考：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

class DiffAlgorithm {
    private static int[,] _matrix;
    private static List<string> _diff;

    public static List<string> Diff(string s1, string s2) {
        int n = s1.Length;
        int m = s2.Length;

        _matrix = new int[n + 1, m + 1];
        for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
            _matrix[i, 0] = i;
        }
        for (int j = 0; j <= m; j++) {
            _matrix[0, j] = j;
        }

        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
                if (s1[i - 1] == s2[j - 1]) {
                    _matrix[i, j] = _matrix[i - 1, j - 1];
                } else {
                    _matrix[i, j] = Math.Min(_matrix[i - 1, j], _matrix[i, j - 1]) + 1;
                }
            }
        }

        _diff = new List<string>();
        int x = n, y = m;
        while (x > 0 || y > 0) {
            if (x > 0 && y > 0 && s1[x - 1] == s2[y - 1]) {
                x--;
                y--;
                _diff.Insert(0, " " + s1[x]);
            } else if (x > 0 && _matrix[x, y] == _matrix[x - 1, y] + 1) {
                x--;
                _diff.Insert(0, "-" + s1[x]);
            } else {
                y--;
                _diff.Insert(0, "+" + s2[y]);
            }
        }

        return _diff;
    }
}

以上代码是比较两个字符串的差异，并将结果存储在列表中，以便进一步处理。其中，Diff方法接收两个字符串参数，返回一个字符串列表，表示两个字符串之间的差异。列表中每个字符串都以符号+、-或空格开头，分别表示添加、删除和未修改的字符。

---

示例二：

完整的C#代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace DiffAlgorithm {
    public enum VNodeType {
        Element,
        Text,
        Component
    }

    public class VNode {
        public VNodeType type;
        public string tag;
        public string text;
        public Props props;
        public Component component;
        public Children children;

        public VNode(VNodeType type, string tag = null, string text = null, Props props = null, Component component = null, Children children = null) {
            this.type = type;
            this.tag = tag;
            this.text = text;
            this.props = props;
            this.component = component;
            this.children = children;
        }
    }

    public class Props {
        public Dictionary<string, string> attributes = new Dictionary<string, string>();

        public Props(Dictionary<string, string> attributes = null) {
            if (attributes != null) {
                this.attributes = attributes;
            }
        }

        public bool Equals(Props other) {
            if (other == null || attributes.Count != other.attributes.Count) {
                return false;
            }

            foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> pair in attributes) {
                string value;
                if (other.attributes.TryGetValue(pair.Key, out value)) {
                    if (value != pair.Value) {
                        return false;
                    }
                } else {
                    return false;
                }
            }

            return true;
        }
    }

    public class Component {
        public string name;
        public Props props;

        public Component(string name, Props props = null) {
            this.name = name;
            this.props = props;
        }

        public bool Equals(Component other) {
            if (other == null || name != other.name) {
                return false;
            }

            if (props == null && other.props == null) {
                return true;
            }

            return props.Equals(other.props);
        }
    }

    public class Children {
        public List<VNode> nodes = new List<VNode>();

        public Children(List<VNode> nodes = null) {
            if (nodes != null) {
                this.nodes = nodes;
            }
        }

        public bool Equals(Children other) {
            if (other == null || nodes.Count != other.nodes.Count) {
                return false;
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < nodes.Count; i++) {
                if (!nodes[i].Equals(other.nodes[i])) {
                    return false;
                }
            }

            return true;
        }
    }

    public static class DiffAlgorithm {
        public static void Diff(VNode oldVnode, VNode newVnode) {
            if (oldVnode.type != newVnode.type) {
                // 两个节点类型不同，直接用新节点替换旧节点
                Replace(oldVnode, newVnode);
            } else if (oldVnode.type == VNodeType.Element) {
                // 如果是元素节点，则进行属性和子元素的比较
                DiffElement(oldVnode, newVnode);
            } else if (oldVnode.type == VNodeType.Text) {
                // 如果是文本节点，则直接替换文本内容
                Replace(oldVnode, newVnode);
            } else if (oldVnode.type == VNodeType.Component) {
                // 如果是组件，则比较组件实例的相关属性和子元素
                DiffComponent(oldVnode, newVnode);
            }
        }

        private static void DiffElement(VNode oldVnode, VNode newVnode) {
            // 比较属性
            DiffProps(oldVnode.props, newVnode.props);
        // 比较子元素
        DiffChildren(oldVnode.children, newVnode.children);
    }

    private static void DiffComponent(VNode oldVnode, VNode newVnode) {
        // 如果组件名不同，则直接替换
        if (oldVnode.component.name != newVnode.component.name) {
            Replace(oldVnode, newVnode);
        } else {
            // 比较组件属性
            DiffProps(oldVnode.component.props, newVnode.component.props);

            // 比较子元素
            DiffChildren(oldVnode.children, newVnode.children);
        }
    }

    private static void DiffProps(Props oldProps, Props newProps) {
        if (!oldProps.Equals(newProps)) {
            // 如果属性不同，则更新属性
            UpdateProps(oldProps, newProps);
        }
    }

    private static void DiffChildren(Children oldChildren, Children newChildren) {
        int oldStartIdx = 0;
        int oldEndIdx = oldChildren.nodes.Count - 1;
        int newStartIdx = 0;
        int newEndIdx = newChildren.nodes.Count - 1;

        // 从左到右比较子元素，直到有一个序列比较完毕
        while (oldStartIdx <= oldEndIdx && newStartIdx <= newEndIdx) {
            VNode oldNode = oldChildren.nodes[oldStartIdx];
            VNode newNode = newChildren.nodes[newStartIdx];

            if (oldNode.Equals(newNode)) {
                // 如果两个节点相同，则不需要更新
                oldStartIdx++;
                newStartIdx++;
            } else {
                // 如果两个节点不同，则需要根据情况进行更新
                bool hasOldNode = false;
                for (int i = oldStartIdx; i <= oldEndIdx; i++) {
                    if (oldChildren.nodes[i].Equals(newNode)) {
                        hasOldNode = true;
                        Replace(oldChildren.nodes[i], newNode);
                        oldStartIdx = i + 1;
                        newStartIdx++;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (!hasOldNode) {
                    // 如果旧序列中没有相同的节点，则直接插入新节点
                    Insert(newNode, oldChildren.nodes[oldStartIdx]);
                    newStartIdx++;
                }
            }
        }

        // 如果新序列还有剩余，则直接插入
        while (newStartIdx <= newEndIdx) {
            Insert(newChildren.nodes[newStartIdx], oldChildren.nodes[oldStartIdx]);
            newStartIdx++;
        }

        // 如果旧序列还有剩余，则删除
        while (oldStartIdx <= oldEndIdx) {
            Delete(oldChildren.nodes[oldStartIdx]);
            oldStartIdx++;
        }
    }

    private static void Replace(VNode oldNode, VNode newNode) {
        Console.WriteLine($"Replace {oldNode.type} node: {oldNode.tag ?? oldNode.text} => {newNode.tag ?? newNode.text}");
    }

    private static void UpdateProps(Props oldProps, Props newProps) {
        Console.WriteLine("Update props:");
        foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> pair in newProps.attributes) {
            string oldValue;
            if (oldProps.attributes.TryGetValue(pair.Key, out oldValue)) {
                if (oldValue != pair.Value) {
                    Console.WriteLine($"    {pair.Key}: {oldValue} => {pair.Value}");
                }
            } else {
                Console.WriteLine($"    {pair.Key}: {pair.Value}");
}
}
foreach (string oldAttr in oldProps.attributes.Keys) {
if (!newProps.attributes.ContainsKey(oldAttr)) {
Console.WriteLine($" {oldAttr}: {oldProps.attributes[oldAttr]} => (removed)");
}
}
}
    private static void Insert(VNode newNode, VNode refNode) {
        Console.WriteLine($"Insert node: {newNode.tag ?? newNode.text} (before {refNode.tag ?? refNode.text})");
    }

    private static void Delete(VNode oldNode) {
        Console.WriteLine($"Delete node: {oldNode.tag ?? oldNode.text}");
    }
}
}

这个代码实现了 Vue 3 中的 Diff 算法，并输出了一些对比结果。虽然这个实现只是一个简单的示例，但它足以说明 Diff 算法的核心思想和实现原理。