javaweb学习笔记day12---Filter、Listener

Filter概述

• 概述

  A filter is an object that performs filtering tasks on either the request to a resource (a servlet or static content), or on the response from a resource, or both. 
  

  • Filter是用于过滤web资源的一个组件；在资源执行之前执行，在资源执行之后执行。

• 使用场景

  • 登录状态认证；
  • 解决请求参数中文乱码。

Filter入门案例

• 开发步骤
  • ①定义Filter类实现Filter接口
    • 重写doFilter方法
  • ②编写web.xml
    • 配置定义Filter类
• ①定义Filter类实现Filter接口

public class Demo01Filter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("Demo01Filter过滤");
        //放行请求
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
        System.out.println("Demo01Filter放行");
    }
}

②编写web.xm

<filter>
    <filter-name>Demo01Filter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.atguigu.filter.Demo01Filter</filter-class>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>Demo01Filter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

F ilter执行流程

• 执行流程
  • 浏览器发起请求"http://localhost:8080/web12/demo01"
  • 服务器处理请求，创建request和response对象，将这两个对象给Demo01Filter
  • Demo01Filter通过doFilter方法处理请求，将请求放行，将request和response对象给Demo01Servlet
  • Demo01Servlet通过doGet/doPost方法处理请求，做出响应
  • Demo01Filter进行收尾。

Filter生命周期

生命周期

• 初始化：随着服务器的启动而初始化
• 销毁：随着服务器的关闭而销毁

Filter相关配置

初始化参数

<!--初始化参数-->

<filter>
        <filter-name>Demo03Filter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.atguigu.filter.Demo03Filter</filter-class>

    <init-param>
        <param-name>encoding</param-name>
        <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>Demo03Filter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

public class Demo03Filter implements Filter {
    private String encoding;

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("encoding = " + encoding);
        //放行请求
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }
}

过滤路径

<!--过滤路径-->
<filter>
    <filter-name>Demo04Filter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.atguigu.filter.Demo04Filter</filter-class>

</filter>
<!--针对Servlet进行过滤-->
<!--
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>Demo04Filter</filter-name>
    <servlet-name>Demo01Servlet</servlet-name>
</filter-mapping>
-->
<!--完全匹配 : 以"/"开头-->
<!--
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>Demo04Filter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/demo01</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
-->
<!--目录匹配 : 以"/"开头，以"*"结尾--&g