English语法_定语从句-关系副词

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1> where = on which

The road was full of chuckholes.
We traveled on the road.
The road which we traveled on was full of chuckholes.
The road 【on】 which we traveled was full of chuckholes.
The road where we traveled was full of chuckholes.
我们进行的道路上满是坑洞。

• Step 1> 找相同处名词：the road

• Step 2> 非人，宾语，用 which / that;

• 先行词为地点 + 介词+关系代词 = 先行词+ 关系副词；

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2> when = in which

My cousin was born in the year.
I entered elementary school in the year.
My cousin was born in the year which I entered elementary school in.
My cousin was born in the year 【in】which I entered elementary school. // 介词置前；
My cousin was born in the year when I entered elementary school.
我侄子出生在我上小学的那一年。

• Step 1> 找相同处名词：the year, 第一个 the year是先行词；
• Step 2> 非人，宾语，用 which / that;
• Step 3> 放句首，合并， which I entered elementary school in.
• My cousin was born in the year which I entered elementary school in.

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3> why = for which

Please give me a good reason.
You didn’t show up for work for the reason.
Please give me a good reason which you didn’t show up for work for.
Please give me a good reason 【for】which you didn’t show up for work.
Please give me a good reason 【why】 you didn’t show up for work.
请给我一个你没来上班的好理由。

• Step 1> 找到名词相同处，reason；
• Step 2> 确定关代 非人，宾格用which；
• Step 3> which移到前面，which you didn’t show up for work for；
• Step 4> 合并，which you didn’t show up for work for；

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4> how = the way in which

This is the way which we cook in.
This is the way in which we cook.
This is how we cook；
这是我们煮饭的方法。

• way 的解释太多， 所以用 how 代替 【the way in which】,避免产生歧义；

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5> 关系代词 与 关系副词

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5.1> that famous school

I used to study in that famous school 【which】made me confident of myself.
我以前就读那所名校，它使我自信。

• 连词+主语 = 关代

I used to study in that famous school 【where】 each student was confident of themselves.
我以前就读那所名校，在那所学校里，每个学生都很自信。
*关副 + 完整句；

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5.2> around the conner

Christmas Day, which falls on my birthday, is around the corner.
圣诞节，刚好是我的生日，快到了。

Christmas day, when we must realize children’s dreams, is around the corner.
圣诞节快到了，在那天我们必须实现孩子们的梦想。

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5.3> was not convincing

The reason which stopped him from arriving punctually was not convincing.
让他无法准时抵达的原因无法令人信服。

The reason why he didn’t arrive punctually was not convincing.
让他无法准时抵达的原因无法令人信服。