使用Tengine+Lua+GraphicsMagick实现图片自动裁剪缩放

一、需求背景 

互联网电商网站，大量不同需求的图片（同一个图片需要不同尺寸的缩略图），需要对图片进行处理。

二、解决方案

• 在上传图片时就生成所需缩略图。
• 根据请求指定尺寸的图片自动生成相应的缩略图（使用Tengine+Lua+GraphicsMagick实现）。

三、软件介绍

• Tengine : 淘宝改良的Nginx,并集成了Lua模块，负责展示图片和调度Lua脚本。
• Lua : 脚本语言，嵌入到应用程序中，提供灵活的扩展和定制功能；Tengine通过Lua实现对GraphicsMagick操作，控制裁                  剪、缩放图片的规格等。
• GraphicsMagick ： 强大的图片处理工具、没有UI的PS、动态生成图片，负责图片的处理。

四、软件安装

安装环境：CentOS7 64位

新建安装目录：mkdir -p /usr/local/soft

将介质上传到服务器后

解tar包：

cd /usr/local/soft

tar -zxvf lua-5.3.1.tar.gz

tar -zxvf LuaJIT-2.0.4.tar.gz

tar -zxvf GraphicsMagick-1.3.18.tar.gz

安装Lua:

安装Lua依赖（readline和readline-devel，使用yum安装）：

yum install readline

yum install readline-devel

安装Lua:

cd lua-5.3.1

make linux

make install

安装LuaJIT：

cd LuaJIT-2.0.4

make

make install

安装Tengine：

yum安装相关依赖：

yum install gcc-c++

yum -y install pcre pcre-devel

yum -y install zlib zlib-devel

yum -y install openssl openssl-devel

cd tengine-master

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Tengine --dso-path=/usr/local/Tengine/modules --with-http_realip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_concat_module --with-http_lua_module  --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/Tengine/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/Tengine/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/Tengine/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/Tengine/cgi_temp --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/Tengine/client_body_temp --http-log-path=/var/log/Tengine/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/Tengine/error.log

报错：-bash: ./configure: Permission denied

赋权：chmod 777 configure

重新执行上面./configure..

make

make install

启动：/usr/local/Tengine/sbin/nginx

报错：/usr/local/Tengine/sbin/nginx: error while loading shared libraries: libluajit-5.1.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory。

作软连接:ln -s /usr/local/lib/libluajit-5.1.so.2 /lib64/libluajit-5.1.so.2

启动：/usr/local/Tengine/sbin/nginx

报错：nginx: [emerg] mkdir() "/var/tmp/Tengine/client_body_temp" failed (2: No such file or directory)

创建路径：mkdir -p /var/tmp/Tengine/client_body_temp

启动：/usr/local/Tengine/sbin/nginx   成功：

安装 GraphicsMagick：

安装依赖（yum安装）：

yum install libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpg libpng-devel giflib giflib-devel freetype freetype-devel -y

安装 GraphicsMagick

cd GraphicsMagick-1.3.18

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/GraphicsMagick --enable-shared

make

make install

查看安装是否成功：/usr/local/GraphicsMagick/bin/gm -version

 

五、配置

Lua脚本文件（ImageResizer.lua）:位置：/usr/local/Tengine/lua/ImageResizer.lua，需可执行权限。

mkdir -p /usr/local/Tengine/lua/

vim /usr/local/Tengine/lua/ImageResizer.lua

添加：

local command = "/usr/local/GraphicsMagick/bin/gm convert " .. ngx.var.request_filepath .. " -resize " .. ngx.var.width .. "x" .. ngx.var.height .. " +profile \"*\" " .. ngx.var.request_filepath .. "_" .. ngx.var.width .. "x" .. ngx.var.height .. "." .. ngx.var.ext;
os.execute(command);
ngx.exec(ngx.var.request_uri);

保存退出。

授权：chmod 777 /usr/local/Tengine/lua/ImageResizer.lua

Tengine配置（nginx.conf文件）

user  root;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

# load modules compiled as Dynamic Shared Object (DSO)
#
#dso {
#    load ngx_http_fastcgi_module.so;
#    load ngx_http_rewrite_module.so;
#}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
		root /data/gm/uploadimg;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   /data/gm/uploadimg;
            expires 1h;    # 缓存时间
            add_header Cache-Control max-age=3600; # 缓存时间
            access_log   /var/log/Tengine/host_access.log;
        }
		
		#如果 url 格式如：xxxx.gif_数字x数字.gif
        location ~* ^(.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png))_(\d+)x(\d+)\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$ {
           root /data/gm/uploadimg;    #这里必须设置，否则根目录，即 $document_root 会是 Nginx 默认的 Nginx Root/html，在 Lua 中会得不到期望的值
           if (!-f $request_filename) { #如果文件不存在时才需要裁剪
              add_header X-Powered-By 'Lua GraphicsMagick';  #此HTTP Header无实际意义，用于测试
              add_header file-path $request_filename;  #此 HTTP Header无实际意义，用于测试
              lua_code_cache on;  #在编写外部 Lua脚本时，设置为off Nginx不会缓存 Lua，方便调试
              set $request_filepath /data/gm/uploadimg/$1;  #设置原始图片路径，如：/document_root/1.gif
              set $width $3;     # 设置裁剪/缩放的宽度
              set $height $4;    # 设置裁剪/缩放的高度
              set $ext $5;      # 图片文件格式后缀
              content_by_lua_file /usr/local/Tengine/lua/ImageResizer.lua;  #加载外部 Lua 文件
            }
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

mkdir -p /data/gm/uploadimg

检测配置文件是否正确配置：/usr/local/Tengine/sbin/nginx -t

重启：/usr/local/Tengine/sbin/nginx -s reload

测试：

先将img01.jpg放到服务器/data/gm/uploadimg 目录下

http://服务IP/img01.jpg_200x200.jpg 成功。