Codeforces 558C Amr and Chemistry

Amr loves Chemistry, and specially doing experiments. He is preparing for a new interesting experiment.

Amr has n different types of chemicals. Each chemical i has an initial volume of ai liters. For this experiment, Amr has to mix all the chemicals together, but all the chemicals volumes must be equal first. So his task is to make all the chemicals volumes equal.

To do this, Amr can do two different kind of operations.

Choose some chemical i and double its current volume so the new volume will be 2ai
Choose some chemical i and divide its volume by two (integer division) so the new volume will be
Suppose that each chemical is contained in a vessel of infinite volume. Now Amr wonders what is the minimum number of operations required to make all the chemicals volumes equal?

Input
The first line contains one number n (1 ≤ n ≤ 105), the number of chemicals.

The second line contains n space separated integers ai (1 ≤ ai ≤ 105), representing the initial volume of the i-th chemical in liters.

Output
Output one integer the minimum number of operations required to make all the chemicals volumes equal.

Sample test(s)
input
3
4 8 2
output
2
input
3
3 5 6
output
5
Note
In the first sample test, the optimal solution is to divide the second chemical volume by two, and multiply the third chemical volume by two to make all the volumes equal 4.

In the second sample test, the optimal solution is to divide the first chemical volume by two, and divide the second and the third chemical volumes by two twice to make all the volumes equal 1.

解题思路：首先化成a*2^b的形式，然后按照a从大到小的顺序处理，通过除以2将所有的ai化成一样，然后对指数进行处理。

#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <array>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int maxn = 100010;

struct Node {
    int x, y;
    Node() { }
    Node(int t_x, int t_y) : x(t_x), y(t_y) { }
    friend bool operator < (const Node &p1, const Node &p2) {
        return p1.x < p2.x;
    }
};

priority_queue<Node> pq;
int cnt[maxn];
int zs[maxn];

int main() {

    //freopen("aa.in", "r", stdin);

    int n, x;
    int ans = 0;
    Node tmp;
    memset(cnt, 0, sizeof(cnt));
    scanf("%d", &n);
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
        scanf("%d", &x);
        int t = 0;
        while(x % 2 == 0) x /= 2, t++;
        pq.push(Node(x, t));
        cnt[x]++;
    }
    while(true) {
        tmp = pq.top(); pq.pop();
        if(cnt[tmp.x] == n) {
            pq.push(tmp);
            break;
        } else {
            ans += (tmp.y + 1);
            cnt[tmp.x]--;
            tmp.x /= 2;
            tmp.y = 0;
            while(tmp.x % 2 == 0) {
                tmp.x /= 2;
                tmp.y++;
            }
            cnt[tmp.x]++;
            pq.push(tmp);
        }
    }
    int tcnt = 0;
    while(!pq.empty()) {
        tmp = pq.top(); pq.pop();
        zs[tcnt++] = tmp.y;
    }
    sort(zs, zs + tcnt);
    int id = tcnt / 2;
    for(int i = 0; i < tcnt; ++i) {
        ans += abs(zs[i] - zs[id]);
    }
    printf("%d\n", ans);
    return 0;
}