Ubuntu18.04系统下安装mono

Ubuntu 18.04 (i386, amd64, armhf, arm64, ppc64el)）

##安装之前进行环境准备，执行命令：
sudo apt-get install build-essential

##切换源为国内源：
1. 复制源文件备份：sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

              以ubuntu 18.04版本的阿里云源为例，复制以下内容：

              deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
              deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
              deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
              deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
              deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
              deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
              deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
              deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
              deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
              deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

              2.更换源：sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list ，打开文档，把内容全部注释掉或删除，粘贴内容，保存。
              3.更新源：sudo apt-get update
              4.更新软件 ：sudo apt-get upgrade

##安装libgdiplus库：
sudo apt-get install libgif-dev autoconf libtool automake build-essential gettext libglib2.0-dev libcairo2-dev libtiff-dev libexif-dev
wget http://origin-download.mono-project.com/sources/libgdiplus/libgdiplus0-6.0.4.tar.gz
tar -zxvf libgdiplus0-6.0.4.tar.gz
cd libgdiplus-6.0.4
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
cd …

##安装mono、monodevelop IDE
第一种：直接安装
1、Add the Mono repository to your system
依次执行下列语句：
sudo apt install gnupg ca-certificates
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF
echo “deb https://origin-download.mono-project.com/repo/ubuntu stable-bionic main” | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-official-stable.list
sudo apt update

2、Install Mono
执行以下语句：
sudo apt install mono-complete

3、Add MonoDevelop
依次执行下列语句：
sudo apt install apt-transport-https dirmngr
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF
echo “deb https://origin-download.mono-project.com/repo/ubuntu vs-bionic main” | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-official-vs.list
sudo apt update

4、Install MonoDevelop
执行以下语句：
sudo apt-get install monodevelop

第二种：解压缩方式或直接从网站安装
1.下载安装包
wget http://origin-download.mono-project.com/sources/mono/mono-6.12.0.90.tar.xz ——版本可在 download.mono-project.com/sources/mono 查看选择
wget http://origin-download.mono-project.com/sources/monodevelop/monodevelop-7.8.4.1.tar.bz2 ——版本可在 download.mono-project.com/sources/monodevelop 查看选择
##若下载过程中提示“段错误 (核心已转储) ” ，执行以下命令：
#ulimit -c unlimited
#ulimit -s 102400
##若下载到99%又提示“段错误 (核心已转储) ”，使用断点续传继续下载：
#wget -c http://origin-download.mono-project.com/sources/mono/mono-6.12.0.90.tar.xz
#wget -c http://origin-download.mono-project.com/sources/monodevelop/monodevelop-7.8.4.1.tar.bz2

2.解压缩
tar xvf mono-6.12.0.90.tar.xz ——解压本地
tar jvxf monodevelop-7.8.4.1.tar.bz2 ——解压本地

3.安装mono环境
cd mono-6.12.0.90 ——进入mono的解压目录
./configure --prefix=/usr ——如提示少什么，就先装什么，再执行这一句，直到无报错，如”sudo apt install cmake"
make
sudo make install
cd … ——回到主目录

4.安装monodevelop环境
cd monodevelop-7.8.4.1 ——进入monodevelop的解压目录
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
sudo make install
cd …

5.安装好mono和monodevelop后，查看当前mono版本信息
mono -V

##显示如下：
Mono JIT compiler version 6.12.0.90 (tarball xxx xxx xxx UTC 2020)
Copyright © 2002-2014 Novell, Inc, Xamarin Inc and Contributors. www.mono-project.com
TLS: __thread
SIGSEGV: altstack
Notifications: epoll
Architecture: amd64
Disabled: none
Misc: softdebug
Interpreter: yes
LLVM: yes(610)
Suspend: hybrid
GC: sgen (concurrent by default)

ps.可能出现的问题
问题1：提示“E:无法获得锁 /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend - open(11: 资源暂时不可用)
E:Unable to acquire the dpkg frontend lock…"
解决步骤：输入以下命令：
rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock
rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend
rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock
即可解除占用，然后重新执行apt命令

问题2：提示有xx个软件包可以更新
解决步骤：依次执行以下命令：
               sudo apt-get update
               sudo apt-get upgrade
               sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
               sudo reboot

问题3：提示”错误：......404 Not Found
                     有几个软件包无法下载，要不运行apt-get update或者加上 --fix-missing的选项再试试？“
解决步骤:
              执行sudo apt-get update
              执行sudo apt-get install --fix-missing
              执行sudo apt install mono-xxx

问题4：安装软件网络慢或不可用
解决步骤：
              1.进入“软件和更新界面”
              2.在“下载自”里面选择“其他站点”
              3.选择国内源或点击“选择最佳服务器”
              4.关闭并更新缓存
              5.执行sudo vim /etc/resolv.conf, 添加nameserver 8.8.8.8，nameserver 114.114.114，nameserver 8.8.4.4，保存修改。