kotlin 编码简洁编码实例

1. 变量声明与初始化
Java:

String name = null; // 声明并赋值为null
name = "Alice"; // 后续初始化

Kotlin:

var name: String? = null // 可空变量声明与初始化
name = "Alice" // 后续赋值

或更简洁地使用类型推断：

var name = "Alice" // 直接初始化，编译器自动推断类型为String

2. 数据类与解构声明
Java:

public class Person {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    // getters, setters, equals(), hashCode()...
}

Person person = new Person("Bob", 30);
String name = person.getName();
int age = person.getAge();

Kotlin:

data class Person(val name: String, val age: Int)

val person = Person("Bob", 30)
val (name, age) = person // 解构声明，直接提取属性

3. 扩展函数

Java:

public class StringUtils {
    public static String capitalize(String s) {
        return Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(0)) + s.substring(1);
    }
}

String capitalized = StringUtils.capitalize("hello");

Kotlin:

fun String.capitalize(): String {
    return this.first().toUpperCase() + substring(1)
}

val capitalized = "hello".capitalize() // 直接在String上调用扩展函数

4. 空安全与 Elvis 操作符
Java:

String value = map.get("key");
if (value != null) {
    System.out.println(value.length());
} else {
    System.out.println("Value is null");
}

Kotlin:

val value = map["key"] ?: "Value is null"
println(value.length)

5. 链式调用与安全调用
Java:

if (person != null && person.getAddress() != null) {
    String city = person.getAddress().getCity();
}

Kotlin:

val city = person?.address?.city ?: "Unknown" // 安全调用链，避免空指针异常