JAVA采用S7通信协议访问西门子PLC

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已于 2024-06-26 16:46:43 修改

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分类专栏：通信协议文章标签： java 开发语言网络协议

于 2022-11-10 20:06:02 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/XS_YOUYOU/article/details/127775881

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简介

采用java的方式实现西门子S7协议

链接地址：iot-communication
github: https://github.com/xingshuangs/iot-communication
gitee: https://gitee.com/xingshuang/iot-communication

支持单数据读写，多数据读写，大数据量自动分包读写
支持序列化批量多地址且地址不连续的读写
支持读取DB区，I区，Q区，M区，V区
支持读取西门子S1200,200Smart
支持PLC自动重连

引入依赖包

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.github.xingshuangs</groupId>
    <artifactId>iot-communication</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.2</version>
</dependency>

简单入门示例

class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 创建PLC对象
		S7PLC s7PLC = new S7PLC(EPlcType.S1200, "127.0.0.1");
		// 读写boolean
		s7PLC.writeBoolean("DB1.2.0", true);
		boolean boolData = s7PLC.readBoolean("DB1.2.0");
		// 读写字节
		s7PLC.writeByte("DB2.1", (byte) 0x11);
		byte byteData = s7PLC.readByte("DB2.1");
    }
}

知识点1：地址读写格式以及对应含义（兼容大小写）

简写	区域	字节索引	位索引	PLC
DB1.1.2	DB1区	1	2	1200
DB2	DB2区	0	0	1200
DB3.3	DB3区	3	0	1200
D1.1.2	DB1区	1	2	1200
Q1.6	Q区	1	6	1200
Q1	Q区	1	0	1200
I2.5	I区	2	5	1200
I2	I区	2	0	1200
M3.2	M区	3	2	1200
M3	M区	3	0	1200
V2.1	V区	2	1	200Smart
V2	V区	2	0	200Smart

知识点2：访问数据类型与JAVA数据类型和PLC数据类型对应关系

访问数据类型	数据类型名称	数据大小(位)	数据大小(字节)	对应JAVA数据类型	对应PLC数据类型	示例
boolean	布尔类型	1	1/8	Boolean	BOOL	true
byte	字节类型	8	1	Byte	BYTE	0x11
uint16	无符号2字节整型	16	2	Integer	WORD/UINT	65535
int16	有符号2字节整型	16	2	Short	WORD/INT	-32760
uint32	无符号4字节整型	32	4	Long	DWORD/UDINT	70000
int32	有符号4字节整型	32	4	Integer	DWORD/DINT	-70000
float32	4字节浮点型	32	4	Float	REAL	3.14
float64	8字节浮点型	64	8	Double	LREAL	3.14
string	字符型	8	1	String	String	ABC

多种方式PLC数据访问示例

1. 单地址数据读写

// 创建PLC对象
S7PLC s7PLC = new S7PLC(EPlcType.S1200, "127.0.0.1");

// read boolean
boolean boolData = s7PLC.readBoolean("DB1.2.0");
// read byte
byte byteData = s7PLC.readByte("DB14.0");
byte iByteData = s7PLC.readByte("I0");
byte qByteData = s7PLC.readByte("Q0");
byte mByteData = s7PLC.readByte("M0");
byte vByteData = s7PLC.readByte("V0"); // 200smart有V区
// read byte
byte[] byteDatas = s7PLC.readByte("DB14.0", 4);
// read UInt16
int intData = s7PLC.readUInt16("DB14.0");
// read UInt32
long int32Data = s7PLC.readUInt32("DB1.0");
// read float32
float float32Data = s7PLC.readFloat32("DB1.0");
// read float64
double float64Data = s7PLC.readFloat64("DB1.0");
// read String
String strData = s7PLC.readString("DB14.4");

// write boolean
s7PLC.writeBoolean("DB2.0.7", true);
s7PLC.writeBoolean("Q0.7", true);
s7PLC.writeBoolean("M1.4", true);
// write byte
s7PLC.writeByte("DB2.1", (byte) 0x11);
s7PLC.writeByte("M1", (byte) 0x11);
s7PLC.writeByte("V1", (byte) 0x11); // 200smart有V区
// write UInt16
s7PLC.writeUInt16("DB2.0", 0x2222);
// write UInt32
s7PLC.writeUInt32("DB2.0", 0x11111122);
// write float32
s7PLC.writeFloat32("DB2.0", 12);
// write float64
s7PLC.writeFloat64("DB2.0", 12.02);
// write String
s7PLC.writeString("DB14.4", "demo");

2. 多地址数据读写

// 创建PLC对象
S7PLC s7PLC = new S7PLC(EPlcType.S1200, "127.0.0.1");

// read boolean
List<Boolean> boolDatas = s7PLC.readBoolean("DB1.2.0", "DB1.2.1", "DB1.2.7");
List<Boolean> iDatas = s7PLC.readBoolean("I0.0", "I0.1", "I0.2", "I0.3", "I0.4", "I0.5");
List<Boolean> qDatas = s7PLC.readBoolean("Q0.0", "Q0.1", "Q0.2", "Q0.3", "Q0.4", "Q0.5", "Q0.6", "Q0.7");
List<Boolean> mDatas = s7PLC.readBoolean("M1.0", "M1.1", "M1.2", "M1.3", "M1.4", "M1.5", "M1.6", "M1.7");
List<Boolean> vDatas = s7PLC.readBoolean("V1.0", "V1.1", "V1.2", "V1.3", "V1.4", "V1.5", "V1.6", "V1.7"); // 200smart有V区
// read UInt16
List<Integer> intDatas = s7PLC.readUInt16("DB1.0", "DB1.2");
// read UInt32
List<Long> int32Datas = s7PLC.readUInt32("DB1.0", "DB1.4");
// read float32
List<Float> float32Datas = s7PLC.readFloat32("DB1.0", "DB1.4");
// read float64
List<Double> float64Datas = s7PLC.readFloat64("DB1.0", "DB1.4");
// read multi address
MultiAddressRead addressRead = new MultiAddressRead();
addressRead.addData("DB1.0", 1)
           .addData("DB1.2", 3)
           .addData("DB1.3", 5);
List<byte[]> multiByte = s7PLC.readMultiByte(addressRead);

// write multi address
MultiAddressWrite addressWrite = new MultiAddressWrite();
addressWrite.addByte("DB2.0", (byte) 0x11)
            .addUInt16("DB2.2", 88)
            .addBoolean("DB2.1.0", true);
s7PLC.writeMultiData(addressWrite);

3. 序列化方式小数据量批量读写

小数据量是指单次数据请求的报文中PDU大小未超过指定PLC的最大值限制，例如单次请求PDULength小于240，不同PLC的限制各有不同，有240,480,960

先构建数据对象

@Data
public class DemoBean {

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.0.1", type = EDataType.BOOL)
    private boolean bitData;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.1", type = EDataType.BYTE, count = 3)
    private byte[] byteData;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.4", type = EDataType.UINT16)
    private int uint16Data;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.6", type = EDataType.INT16)
    private short int16Data;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.8", type = EDataType.UINT32)
    private long uint32Data;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.12", type = EDataType.INT32)
    private int int32Data;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.16", type = EDataType.FLOAT32)
    private float float32Data;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.20", type = EDataType.FLOAT64)
    private double float64Data;
}

然后构建序列化对象，接着数据读写

class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        S7PLC s7PLC = new S7PLC(EPlcType.S1200, "127.0.0.1");
        S7Serializer s7Serializer = S7Serializer.newInstance(s7PLC);
        // 小数据量批量读取
        DemoBean bean = s7Serializer.read(DemoBean.class);
        // 修改指定数据内容
        bean.setBitData(true);
        bean.setByteData(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x03});
        bean.setUint16Data(42767);
        bean.setInt16Data((short) 32767);
        bean.setUint32Data(3147483647L);
        bean.setInt32Data(2147483647);
        bean.setFloat32Data(3.14f);
        bean.setFloat64Data(4.15);
        // 小数据量批量写入
        s7Serializer.write(bean);
    }
}

4. 序列化方式大数据量批量读写

大数据量是指单次数据请求的报文中PDU大小超过指定PLC的最大值限制，例如单次请求PDULength不得超过240，不同PLC的限制各有不同，有240,480,960

先构建数据对象

@Data
public class DemoLargeBean {

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.0.1", type = EDataType.BOOL)
    private boolean bitData;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.10", type = EDataType.BYTE, count = 50)
    private byte[] byteData1;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.60", type = EDataType.BYTE, count = 65)
    private byte[] byteData2;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.125", type = EDataType.BYTE, count = 200)
    private byte[] byteData3;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.325", type = EDataType.BYTE, count = 322)
    private byte[] byteData4;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.647", type = EDataType.BYTE, count = 99)
    private byte[] byteData5;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.746", type = EDataType.BYTE, count = 500)
    private byte[] byteData6;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.1246", type = EDataType.BYTE, count = 44)
    private byte[] byteData7;
}

然后构建序列化对象，接着数据读写

class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        S7PLC s7PLC = new S7PLC(EPlcType.S1200, "127.0.0.1");
        S7Serializer s7Serializer = S7Serializer.newInstance(s7PLC);
        // 大数据量批量读取
        DemoLargeBean bean = s7Serializer.read(DemoLargeBean.class);
        // 指定地址数据更改
        bean.getByteData2()[64] = (byte) 0x02;
        bean.getByteData3()[199] = (byte) 0x03;
        bean.getByteData4()[321] = (byte) 0x04;
        bean.getByteData5()[98] = (byte) 0x05;
        bean.getByteData6()[499] = (byte) 0x06;
        bean.getByteData7()[43] = (byte) 0x07;
        // 大数据量批量写入
        s7Serializer.write(bean);
    }
}

5. 自定义读写方式（开发效率低）

class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        S7PLC s7PLC = new S7PLC(EPlcType.S1200, "127.0.0.1");
        // bit数据读写
        byte[] expect = new byte[]{(byte) 0x00};
        this.s7PLC.writeRaw(EParamVariableType.BIT, 1, EArea.DATA_BLOCKS, 1, 0, 3,
                EDataVariableType.BIT, expect);
        byte[] actual = this.s7PLC.readRaw(EParamVariableType.BIT, 1, EArea.DATA_BLOCKS, 1, 0, 3);
		// byte数据读写
        expect = new byte[]{(byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x03};
        this.s7PLC.writeRaw(EParamVariableType.BYTE, 2, EArea.DATA_BLOCKS, 1, 1, 0,
                EDataVariableType.BYTE_WORD_DWORD, expect);
        actual = this.s7PLC.readRaw(EParamVariableType.BYTE, 2, EArea.DATA_BLOCKS, 1, 1, 0);
    }
}

6. 控制指令

class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        S7PLC s7PLC = new S7PLC(EPlcType.S1200, "127.0.0.1");
        // hot restart
        s7PLC.hotRestart();
        // cold restart
        s7PLC.coldRestart();
        // plc stop
        s7PLC.plcStop();
        // copy ram to rom
        s7PLC.copyRamToRom();
        // compress
        s7PLC.compress();
    }
}

字节数据解析

当采集的数据量比较大且都是字节数组数据时，需要将字节数据转换成所需的数据，可以采用ByteReadBuff工具；
该工具采用大端模式，4字节数据解析采用DCBA，可根据需求自行修改；

1. boolean数据类型

ByteReadBuff buff = new ByteReadBuff(new byte[]{(byte) 0x55});
// 直接字节解析获取，内部索引自动后移
boolean b1 = buff.getBoolean(0);
// 指定字节索引地址后解析获取
boolean b2 = buff.getBoolean(0, 1);

2. byte数据类型

ByteReadBuff buff = new ByteReadBuff(new byte[]{(byte) 0x55, (byte) 0x33, (byte) 0x22});
// 先提取第一个字节
buff.getByte();
// 再提取后两个字节
byte[] actual = buff.getBytes(2);
assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x33, (byte) 0x22}, actual);

buff = new ByteReadBuff(new byte[]{(byte) 0x55, (byte) 0x33, (byte) 0x22});
// 先提取第一个字节
buff.getByte();
// 再提取剩余所有字节
actual = buff.getBytes();
assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x33, (byte) 0x22}, actual);

3. uint16数据类型

ByteReadBuff buff = new ByteReadBuff(new byte[]{(byte) 0x5F, (byte) 0xF5});
int actual = buff.getUInt16();
assertEquals(24565, actual);

4. int16数据类型

ByteReadBuff buff = new ByteReadBuff(new byte[]{(byte) 0x5F, (byte) 0xF5});
short actual = buff.getInt16();
assertEquals(24565, actual);

5. uint32数据类型

ByteReadBuff buff = new ByteReadBuff(new byte[]{(byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x37, (byte) 0x36});
long actual = buff.getUInt32();
assertEquals(2111286L, actual);

6. int32数据类型

ByteReadBuff buff = new ByteReadBuff(new byte[]{(byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x37, (byte) 0x36});
int actual = buff.getInt32();
assertEquals(2111286, actual);

7. float32数据类型

ByteReadBuff buff = new ByteReadBuff(new byte[]{(byte) 0x42, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0xA3, (byte) 0xD7});
float actual = buff.getFloat32();
assertEquals(33.16f, actual, 0.001);

8. float64数据类型

ByteReadBuff buff = new ByteReadBuff(new byte[]{(byte) 0x41, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x1F, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xD6, (byte) 0x21, (byte) 0x39, (byte) 0xB7});
double actual = buff.getFloat64();
assertEquals(156665.35455556, actual, 0.001);

9. string数据类型

ByteReadBuff buff = new ByteReadBuff(new byte[]{(byte) 0x30, (byte) 0x31, (byte) 0x32, (byte) 0x33});
String actual = buff.getString(4);
assertEquals("0123", actual);

Springboot中简单使用

1. 普通模式

先构建Springboot的工程，添加maven依赖

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.github.xingshuangs/iot-communication -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.xingshuangs</groupId>
            <artifactId>iot-communication</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

添加PLC相关配置，主要是对连接对象实例化，创建bean

package com.github.xingshuangs.s7.demo.config;

import com.github.xingshuangs.iot.protocol.s7.enums.EPlcType;
import com.github.xingshuangs.iot.protocol.s7.serializer.S7Serializer;
import com.github.xingshuangs.iot.protocol.s7.service.S7PLC;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * @author xingshuang
 */
@Configuration
public class S7Config {

    @Bean
    public S7PLC s7PLC() {
        return new S7PLC(EPlcType.S1200, "127.0.0.1");
    }
}

添加控制层业务

package com.github.xingshuangs.s7.demo.controller;

import com.github.xingshuangs.iot.protocol.s7.service.S7PLC;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.Random;

/**
 * @author xingshuang
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/normal")
public class S7NormalComController {
    Random random = new Random();

    @Autowired
    private S7PLC s7PLC;

    @GetMapping("/uint16")
    public ResponseEntity uint16() {
        this.s7PLC.writeUInt16("DB1.0", random.nextInt(255));
        int res = this.s7PLC.readUInt16("DB1.0");
        return ResponseEntity.ok(res);
    }

    @GetMapping("/boolean")
    public ResponseEntity booleanTest() {
        this.s7PLC.writeBoolean("DB1.0.0", random.nextInt(255) % 2 == 0);
        boolean res = this.s7PLC.readBoolean("DB1.0.0");
        return ResponseEntity.ok(res);
    }

    @GetMapping("/float32")
    public ResponseEntity float32Test() {
        this.s7PLC.writeFloat32("DB1.0", random.nextFloat());
        float res = this.s7PLC.readFloat32("DB1.0");
        return ResponseEntity.ok(res);
    }

    @GetMapping("/string")
    public ResponseEntity stringTest() {
        this.s7PLC.writeString("DB1.0", String.valueOf(random.nextInt(20)));
        String res = this.s7PLC.readString("DB1.0");
        return ResponseEntity.ok(res);
    }
}

2. 序列化模式

添加S7序列化对象

package com.github.xingshuangs.s7.demo.config;


import com.github.xingshuangs.iot.protocol.s7.enums.EPlcType;
import com.github.xingshuangs.iot.protocol.s7.serializer.S7Serializer;
import com.github.xingshuangs.iot.protocol.s7.service.S7PLC;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * @author xingshuang
 */
@Configuration
public class S7Config {

    @Bean
    public S7PLC s7PLC() {
        return new S7PLC(EPlcType.S1200, "127.0.0.1");
    }

    @Bean
    public S7Serializer s7Serializer(S7PLC s7PLC) {
        return new S7Serializer(s7PLC);
    }
}

添加数据采集类，添加注解配置

package com.github.xingshuangs.s7.demo.model;

import com.github.xingshuangs.iot.common.enums.EDataType;
import com.github.xingshuangs.iot.protocol.s7.serializer.S7Variable;
import lombok.Data;

/**
 * 测试对象
 *
 * @author xingshuang
 */
@Data
public class DemoBean {

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.0.1", type = EDataType.BOOL)
    private boolean bitData;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.4", type = EDataType.UINT16)
    private int uint16Data;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.6", type = EDataType.INT16)
    private short int16Data;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.8", type = EDataType.UINT32)
    private long uint32Data;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.12", type = EDataType.INT32)
    private int int32Data;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.16", type = EDataType.FLOAT32)
    private float float32Data;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.20", type = EDataType.FLOAT64)
    private double float64Data;

    @S7Variable(address = "DB1.28", type = EDataType.BYTE, count = 3)
    private byte[] byteData;
}

添加控制层业务

package com.github.xingshuangs.s7.demo.controller;

import com.github.xingshuangs.iot.protocol.s7.serializer.S7Serializer;
import com.github.xingshuangs.s7.demo.model.DemoBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @author xingshuang
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/serializer")
public class S7SerializerComController {

    @Autowired
    private S7Serializer s7Serializer;

    @GetMapping("/bean")
    public ResponseEntity<DemoBean> demoBean() {
        DemoBean bean = this.s7Serializer.read(DemoBean.class);
        return ResponseEntity.ok(bean);
    }
}