2.1,代码注释与编码规范
2.1.1代码注释
1."//"单行注释
"//"为单行注释标记
2.多行注释
"/**/"为多行注释标记
3.文档注释
"/** */"为文档注释标记
public class MyTest {
/**
* 练习代码调试
*
*
*
*/
/*
* 多行注释
*/
int b;
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("输出1行");//注释第一行
System.out.println("输出2行");//注释第二行
System.out.println("输出3行");//注释第三行
}
}
2.2变量与常量
Java关键字
例2.1
public class xu {
int a;
int b;
final static double PI = 3.14; //声明常量
//PI = 1.1; //再次给常量赋值会报错
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println("常量PI的值为:" + PI);
System.out.println("半径为3的圆的周长为:" +(PI * 2 * 3));//使用常量
System.out.println("半径为4的圆的面积为:" +(PI * 4 * 4));
}
}
2.3基本数据类型
---整数类型(byte、short、int、long)
---数值型 ---浮点类型(float、double)
基本数据类型 ---字符型
---布尔型
例2.2
public class liti {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int a = 11; //十进制整形
System.out.println(a); //输出十进制表示的整形值
int b = 011; //八进制整形
System.out.println(b);//输出八进制表示的整形值
int c = 0x11; //十六进制整形
System.out.println(c);//输出十六进制表示的整形值
}
}
例2.3
public class liti2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
double a = 4.35 * 100;//用double计算4.35*100的结果
System.out.println("a = " + a);//输出这个double值
int b = (int) a;//将double类型强制转换成int类型
System.out.println("b = " + b); //输出int值
System.out.println("a的四舍五入值 = " + Math.round(a)); //四舍五入
}
}
例2.4
private static int le;
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
double a = 0.1;
double b =2.0 - 1.9;
System.out.println("a = " + a);
System.out.println("b = " + b);
System.out.println("a==b的结果 : " + (a == b));//a==b的结果 : false
/*
* Math。abs()是取绝对值的方法,le-6表示1*10的-6次方,是计算机中最小的概念,
* 如果两数之差的绝对值小于最小数,则认定这两个数是相等的,
*/
boolean bool = Math.abs(a - b) < ( le - 6);
System.out.println("两数之差绝对值小于最小数的结果 : " + bool);
}
}
例2.5
public class liti4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
char c1 ='\\'; //反斜杠转义字符
char c2 ='\''; //单引号转义字符
char c3 ='\"'; //双引号转义字符
char c4 ='\u2605'; //16进制表示字符
char c5 ='\101'; //8进制表示字符
char c6 ='\t'; //制表符转义字符
char c7 ='\n'; //换行符转义字符
System.out.println("[" + c1 + "]");
System.out.println("[" + c2 + "]");
System.out.println("[" + c3 + "]");
System.out.println("[" + c4 + "]");
System.out.println("[" + c5 + "]");
System.out.println("[" + c6 + "]");
System.out.println("[" + c7 + "]");
}
}
例2.6
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
boolean b;//声明布尔变量b
boolean b1, b2;//声明布尔变量b1,b2
boolean b3=true,b4=false;//声明布尔变量b1赋给初值true,b2赋给初值false
boolean b5 = 2 < 3,b6 = (2 == 4);//声明布尔型变量赋与逻辑判断的结果
System.out.println("b5的价格是:" + b5);
System.out.println("b6的价格是:" + b6);
}
}
2.4 数据类型转换
1.隐式转换---从低级到高级的转换
2.显示转换----将高精度的变量转换为低级的变量(强制转换)
例2.7
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 声明byte型变量mybyte,并把byte型变量允许的最大值赋给mybyte
byte mybyte = 127;
int myint = 150; //声明int型变量myint,并赋值150
float myfloat = 452.12f; //声明float型变量myfloat,并赋值
char mychar = 10; //声明char型变量mychar,并赋值
double mydouble = 45.46546; //声明double型变量,并赋值
System.out.println("byte型与float型数据进行运算结果为:" + (mybyte+myfloat));
System.out.println("byte型与int型数据进行运算结果为:" + mybyte*myint);
System.out.println("byte型与char型数据进行运算结果为:" + mybyte/myfloat);
System.out.println("double型与char型数据进行运算结果为:" + (mydouble+mychar));
}
}
例.2.8
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int a = (int) 45.23; //double类型强制转化成int类型
long b =(long) 456.6F;//flaot类型强制转化成loog类型
char c =(char) 97.14; //double型强制转换成char型
System.out.println("45.23强制转换成int的结果:" + a);
System.out.println("456.6F强制转换成long的结果:" + b);
System.out.println("97.14强制转换char的结果" + c);
}
}
2.5运算符
例2.9
public class liti8 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int a, b, c = 11; //声明变量a,b,c
a = 32; //将15赋值给变量a
c = b = a + 4; //将a与4的和先赋值给变量b,再赋值给变量c
System.out.println("a = " + a);
System.out.println("b = " + b);
System.out.println("c = " + c);
}
}
例2.10
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
float num1 = 45.2f;
int num2 = 120;
int num3 = 17,num4 = 10;
System.out.println("num1+num2的和为:" + (num1 + num2));
System.out.println("num1-num2的差为:" + (num1 - num2));
System.out.println("num1*num2的积为:" + (num1 * num2));
System.out.println("num1/num2的差为:" + (num1 / num2));
System.out.println("num3-num4的余数为:" + (num3 % num4));
}
}
例2.11
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int a = 1; //创建整形变量a,初始值为1
System.out.println("a = " + a);//输出a的值
a++; //a自增+1
System.out.println("a++ = " + a);//输出a的值
a++; //a自增+1
System.out.println("a++ = " + a);//输出a的值
a++; //a自增+1
System.out.println("a++ = " + a);//输出a的值
a--; //a自减-1
System.out.println("a-- = " + a);//输出a的值
}
}
例2.12
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int num1 =4,num2 =7;
int num3 =7;
System.out.println("num1<num2的结果:"+(num1 < num2));
System.out.println("num1>num2的结果:"+(num1 > num2));
System.out.println("num1==num2的结果:"+(num1 == num2));
System.out.println("num1!=num2的结果:"+(num1 != num2));
System.out.println("num1<=num2的结果:"+(num1 <= num2));
System.out.println("num2>=num3的结果:"+(num2 >= num3));
}
}
例2.13
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int a = 2;//声明int变量型a
int b = 5;//声明int变量型b
//声明boolean型变量,用于保存应用逻辑运算符“&&”后的返回值
boolean result = ((a > b) && (a != b));
//声明boolean型变量,用于保存应用逻辑运算符“||”后的返回值
boolean result2 = ((a > b) || (a != b));
System.out.println(result); //将变量result输出
System.out.println(result2); //将变量result2输出
}
}
例.2.14
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
short x = ~123;
System.out.println("12与8的结果为:" + (12&8));
System.out.println("4或8的结果为:" + (4|8));
System.out.println("31异或22的结果为:" + (31^22));
System.out.println("123取反的结果为:" + x);
System.out.println("2>3与4!=7的与结果为:" + (2>3&4!=7));
System.out.println("2>3与4!=7的或结果为:" + (2>3|4!=7));
System.out.println("2<3与4!=7的与异或结果为:" + (2<3^4!=7));
}
}
例2.15
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int a = 24;
System.out.println(a + "右移两位的结果是:" + (a>>2));
int b = -16;
System.out.println(b + "左移三位的结果是:" + (b<<3));
int c = -256;
System.out.println(c + "无符号右移两位的结果是:" + (c>>>2));
}
}
例2.16
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
byte a =(byte) (-32>>>1);
System.out.println("byte无符号右移的结果" +a);
short b = (short) (-128>>>4);
System.out.println("short无符号右移的结果" +b);
}
}