matplotlib 绘图库

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

data = np.arange(10)
data

array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

plt.plot(data)

[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x226505a9978>]

图片与子图

使用plt.figure生成一个新的图片

fig = plt.figure()

<Figure size 432x288 with 0 Axes>

add_subplot创建一个或多个子图（subplot）

fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,1)
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,2)
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,3)

plt.plot(np.random.randn(50).cumsum(),'k--')

_ = ax1.hist(np.random.randn(100),bins=20,color='k',alpha=0.3)
ax2.scatter(np.arange(30),np.arange(30)+3*np.random.randn(30))

<matplotlib.collections.PathCollection at 0x22652533c50>

s = pd.Series(np.random.randn(10),index=np.arange(0,100,10))
s

0    -0.216889
10   -0.926422
20   -1.578404
30    1.260680
40    0.765321
50    1.575562
60   -0.226129
70   -1.545994
80    1.461791
90    0.216152
dtype: float64

s.plot()

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x22652df9518>

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(10,4).cumsum(0),
                                 index=np.arange(0,100,10),
                                 columns=['A','B','C','D'])
df

	A	B	C	D
0	0.148623	-0.464732	0.170983	-1.931102
10	2.051717	-0.547495	2.022106	-1.521699
20	2.851331	-1.703850	0.804570	-1.245837
30	4.236059	-0.807866	3.380667	-0.467652
40	5.586521	-1.819789	3.505844	-0.112501
50	4.943688	-0.578019	4.009679	-1.821747
60	5.507788	-1.172690	4.345803	-4.397258
70	4.598429	0.147067	3.977140	-4.439640
80	4.662817	-0.275686	6.488330	-2.747436
90	2.205290	0.145558	6.516990	-3.706320

df.plot()

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x22652e85d68>

# 柱状图

s.plot(kind='bar')

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x22652efc390>

s.plot(kind='barh')

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x22652f3ae80>

df.plot(kind='bar')

<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x22652fc05c0>

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

np.random.seed(19680801)


fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(np.random.rand(20), '-o', ms=20, lw=2, alpha=0.7, mfc='blue')
ax.grid()

fig.text(0.95, 0.05, 'Property of MPL',
         fontsize=50, color='gray',
         ha='right', va='bottom', alpha=0.5)

plt.show()