Django2 SQLite3迁移到MySQL数据库

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Django2 SQLite3迁移到MySQL数据库

开发环境Windows+Django2.1+Python3.7，服务器环境Ubuntu16.04+Django2.1+Python3.6.6

Windows开发环境下

创建mysql连接配置文件

该文件可保存在本机任何地方，如果项目要上传到github上或其他共享，mysql帐密不可能让别人知道呀

ProjectConfig.ini

[mysql-djangostarmeow]
host=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
port=3306
user=sqlusername
password=sqluserpassword
db_name=djangostarmeow

修改DATABASES配置

读取配置文件，设置mysql为备用数据库

import configparser
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read(r'C:\ProjectConfig.ini')

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    },
    'slave': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': config['mysql-djangostarmeow']['db_name'],
        'USER': config['mysql-djangostarmeow']['user'],
        'PASSWORD': config['mysql-djangostarmeow']['password'],
        'HOST': config['mysql-djangostarmeow']['host'],
        'PORT': config['mysql-djangostarmeow']['port'],
    }
}

安装mysqlclient

Windows下需要安装mysql连接驱动。

项目运行后提示下面错误，需要安装mysqlclient

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module.
Did you install mysqlclient?

pip install mysqlclient

但Windows10安装提示

error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/

whl文件下载安装（更好）

下载地址： https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/

下载和python对应的版本，再使用pip安装

pip install D:\mysqlclient-1.3.13-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl

# 完成后安装mysqlclient
pip install mysqlclient

目前就可以正常启动项目了。

数据导出导入

执行makemigrations错误提示：django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: (1146, "Table 'djangostarmeow.django_content_type' doesn't exist")

删除各个应用下migrations文件夹下00开头的文件，仍然报错，解决方法如下：

创建项目所需要的表

恢复migrations文件夹的文件到原目录

然后执行

manage.py@StarMeow > migrate --database slave

会将所有的migrations记录同步到slave数据库

确保每个APP的SQL过程语句生成，没有的话或者项目模型有改动，运行以下语句

# 这些直接在pycharm上运行
manage.py@StarMeow > makemigrations
manage.py@StarMeow > migrate
manage.py@StarMeow > migrate --database slave

导出sqlite3数据

(StarMeow) E:\xxx>python manage.py dumpdata --database default > dumpdata20181024.json

该命令的使用说明如下：

python manage.py loaddata -h
usage: manage.py loaddata [-h] [--database DATABASE] [--app APP_LABEL]
                          [--ignorenonexistent] [-e EXCLUDE] [--format FORMAT]
                          [--version] [-v {0,1,2,3}] [--settings SETTINGS]
                          [--pythonpath PYTHONPATH] [--traceback] [--no-color]
                          fixture [fixture ...]

Installs the named fixture(s) in the database.

positional arguments:
  fixture               Fixture labels.

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --database DATABASE   Nominates a specific database to load fixtures into.
                        Defaults to the "default" database.
  --app APP_LABEL       Only look for fixtures in the specified app.
  --ignorenonexistent, -i
                        Ignores entries in the serialized data for fields that
                        do not currently exist on the model.
  -e EXCLUDE, --exclude EXCLUDE
                        An app_label or app_label.ModelName to exclude. Can be
                        used multiple times.
  --format FORMAT       Format of serialized data when reading from stdin.
  --version             show program's version number and exit
  -v {0,1,2,3}, --verbosity {0,1,2,3}
                        Verbosity level; 0=minimal output, 1=normal output,
                        2=verbose output, 3=very verbose output
  --settings SETTINGS   The Python path to a settings module, e.g.
                        "myproject.settings.main". If this isn't provided, the
                        DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable will be
                        used.
  --pythonpath PYTHONPATH
                        A directory to add to the Python path, e.g.
                        "/home/djangoprojects/myproject".
  --traceback           Raise on CommandError exceptions
  --no-color            Don't colorize the command output.

导入mysql数据

(StarMeow) E:\xxx>python manage.py loaddata --database slave dumpdata20181024.json

错误提示：django.db.utils.IntegrityError: Problem installing fixture 'E:\Sync\OneDrive\PycharmProjects\StarMeow\dumpdata20181024.json': Could not load contenttypes.ContentType(pk=6): (1062, "Duplicate entry 'usercenter-userprofile' for key 'django_content_type_app_label_model_76bd3d3b_uniq'")

这是因为auth_permission和django_content_type中存在数据，这些数据是在给MySQL数据库应用迁移文件的时候产生的，一般是content_type相关的表。

进入数据库，删除这两个表的数据

>mysql -h xxxx -P 3306 -u sqlusername -p

Enter password: ******************
mysql> use djangostarmeow
Database changed
mysql> delete from auth_permission;
Query OK, 147 rows affected (0.10 sec)

mysql> delete from django_content_type;
Query OK, 37 rows affected (0.01 sec)

删除数据之后，再执行一次导入命令即可。基本上，导入不了数据都是MySQL存在数据导致的。

manage.py@StarMeow > loaddata --database slave dumpdata20181024.json

Tracking file by folder pattern:  migrations
Installed 475 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)

修改默认数据库

修改默认使用mysql数据库

DATABASES = {
    # 'default': {
    #     'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
    #     'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    # },
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': config['mysql-djangostarmeow']['db_name'],
        'USER': config['mysql-djangostarmeow']['user'],
        'PASSWORD': config['mysql-djangostarmeow']['password'],
        'HOST': config['mysql-djangostarmeow']['host'],
        'PORT': config['mysql-djangostarmeow']['port'],
    }
}

服务器Ubuntu安装pymysql

:~$ sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev
:~$ pip install mysqlclient

服务器创建mysql文件

[mysql-djangostarmeow]
host=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
port=3306
user=sqlusername
password=sqluserpassword
db_name=djangostarmeow

服务器加载mysql配置文件

import configparser
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
if socket.gethostname() == 'my-svr' or socket.gethostname() == 'My-Svr':  # 通过计算机名判断是否是服务器
    config.read('/home/ubuntu/web/ProjectConfig.ini')  # 服务器已部署环境
else:
    config.read(r'C:\ProjectConfig.ini')  # 本机Windows环境