SSH 文件配置有如下几个文件:
[root@sample ~]# vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config ← 用vi打开SSH的配置文件
#Protocol 2,1 ← 找到此行将行头“#”删除,再将行末的“,1”删除,只允许SSH2方式的连接
↓
Protocol 2 ← 修改后变为此状态,仅使用SSH2
#ServerKeyBits 768 ← 找到这一行,将行首的“#”去掉,并将768改为1024
↓
ServerKeyBits 1024 ← 修改后变为此状态,将ServerKey强度改为1024比特
#PermitRootLogin yes ← 找到这一行,将行首的“#”去掉,并将yes改为no
↓
PermitRootLogin no ← 修改后变为此状态,不允许用root进行登录
#PasswordAuthentication yes ← 找到这一行,将yes改为no
↓
PasswordAuthentication no ← 修改后变为此状态,不允许密码方式的登录
#PermitEmptyPasswords no ← 找到此行将行头的“#”删除,不允许空密码登录
↓
PermitEmptyPasswords no ← 修改后变为此状态,禁止空密码进行登录
因为我们只想让SSH服务为管理系统提供方便,所以在不通过外网远程管理系统的情况下,只允许内网客户端通过SSH登录到服务器,以最大限度减少不安全因素。设置方法如下:
[root@sample ~]# vi /etc/hosts.deny ← 修改屏蔽规则,在文尾添加相应行
#
# hosts.deny This file describes the names of the hosts which are
# *not* allowed to use the local INET services, as decided
# by the '/usr/sbin/tcpd' server.
#
# The portmap line is redundant, but it is left to remind you that
# the new secure portmap uses hosts.deny and hosts.allow. In particular
# you should know that NFS uses portmap!
sshd: ALL ← 添加这一行,屏蔽来自所有的SSH连接请求
[root@sample ~]# vi /etc/hosts.allow ← 修改允许规则,在文尾添加相应行
#
# hosts.allow This file describes the names of the hosts which are
# allowed to use the local INET services, as decided
# by the '/usr/sbin/tcpd' server.
#
sshd: 192.168.0. ← 添加这一行,只允许来自内网的SSH连接请求
重启服务器
[root@sample ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd restart ← 重新启动SSH服务器
Stopping sshd: [ OK ]
Starting sshd: [ OK ] ← SSH服务器重新启动成功
SSH2公钥和私钥的建立
[root@sample ~]# su - centospub ← 登录为一般用户centospub
[centospub@sample ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa ← 建立公钥与私钥
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/kaz/.ssh/id_rsa): ← 钥匙的文件名,这里保持默认直接回车
Created directory '/home/kaz/.ssh'
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): ← 输入口令
Enter same passphrase again: ← 再次输入口令
Your identification has been saved in /home/kaz/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/kaz/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
tf:rs:e3:7s:28:59:5s:93:fe:33:84:01:cj:65:3b:8e centospub@sample.centospub.com
确立一下是否建立
[centospub@sample ~]$ cd ~/.ssh ← 进入用户SSH配置文件的目录
[centospub@sample .ssh]$ ls -l ← 列出文件
total 16
-rw------- 1 centospub centospub 951 Sep 4 19:22 id_rsa ← 确认私钥已被建立
-rw-r--r-- 1 centospub centospub 241 Sep 4 19:22 id_rsa.pub ← 确认公钥已被建立
[centospub@sample .ssh]$ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys ← 公钥内容输出到相应文件中
[centospub@sample .ssh]$ rm -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ← 删除原来的公钥文件
[centospub@sample .ssh]$ chmod 400 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys ← 将新建立的公钥文件属性设置为400
之后把公钥文件拷贝到U盘等地方,在用putty 登录之前需要先用puttyGen工具将之转换成私钥,之后打开putty 在Connection->SSH->Auth 里选择刚才转换好了的私钥登录即可