C++线程池实现例子

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <functional>
#include <memory>
#include <Windows.h>

class ThreadPool {
public:
    // 当调用构造函数创建线程池的时候，只会将任务放进tasks集合中，并执行内部的lambda表达式函数体的代码
    ThreadPool(size_t threads) : stop(false) {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < threads; ++i) {
            workers.emplace_back(
                [this] {
                    while (true) {
                        std::function<void()> task;
                        {
                            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(this->queue_mutex);
                            // 满足this->stop 等于true或者队列不为空时，跳过等待。这个this->stop表示，我的整个线程池都不适用了，不干了，整个程序结束。
                            this->condition.wait(lock, [this] { return this->stop || !this->tasks.empty(); });
                            if (this->stop && this->tasks.empty()) {
                                return;
                            }
                            task = std::move(this->tasks.front());
                            this->tasks.pop();
                        }

                        task();
                    }
                }
            );
        }
    }
    // 这个泛型F对应的参数f，可以看作是任务的函数体
    template<class F>
    void enqueue(F&& f) {
        {
            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex);

            // don't allow enqueueing after stopping the pool
            if (stop) {
                throw std::runtime_error("enqueue on stopped ThreadPool");
            }

            tasks.emplace(f);
        }
        // 一开始是4个线程在等待，唤醒其中一个线程干活
        condition.notify_one();
    }

    ~ThreadPool() {
        {
            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex);
            stop = true;
        }
        condition.notify_all();
        for (std::thread& worker : workers) {
            worker.join();
        }
            
    }

private:
    std::vector<std::thread> workers;

    std::queue<std::function<void()>> tasks;

    std::mutex queue_mutex;
    std::condition_variable condition;
    bool stop;
};

int main() {
    // 创建4个线程的线程池
    ThreadPool pool(4);

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
        pool.enqueue([i] {
            std::cout << "hello from task " << i << std::endl;
            Sleep(20000);
        });
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        Sleep(1000);
    }
    pool.enqueue([] {
        std::cout << "hello from task " << 5 << std::endl;
        Sleep(1000);
    });

    return 0;
}