该问题如下:
有一个有限缓冲区(在这里使用命名管道实现FIFO式缓冲区)和两个线程:生产者和消费者
一个生产者在缓冲区满的时候必须等待,消费者在缓冲区为空的时候也必须等待
在该程序中定义3个信号量:
avail:表示有界缓冲区中的空单元数,初始值为N
full:表示有界缓冲区中非空单元数,初始值为0
mutex:互斥信号量,初始值为1
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define MYFIFO "myfifo"
#define BUFFER_SIZE 3 /*缓冲区的个数*/
#define UNIT_SIZE 5 /*每个缓冲区大小*/
#define RUN_TIME 30 /*线程运行时间*/
#define DELAY_TIME_LEVELS 5.0
int fd;
time_t end_time;
sem_t mutex,avail,full;
const char *content = "hello";
void *producer(void *arg)
{
int len;
int delay;
while(time(NULL)<end_time)
{
delay = (int)(rand()*DELAY_TIME_LEVELS/(RAND_MAX)/2.0)+1;
sleep(delay);
//sem_wait()和sem_trywait()都相当于P操作,二者的区别在于
//sem_wait()会阻塞进程,而sem_trywait()会立即返回
sem_wait(&avail);
sem_wait(&mutex);
printf("Producer: delay = %d\n",delay);
if((len = write(fd,content,strlen(content)))==-1)
{
if(errno = EAGAIN)
{
printf("The FIFO has not been read yet!\n");
}
}
else
{
printf("write %d to the FIFO\n",len);
}
//sem_post()相当于V操作,信号量加1,唤醒等待进程
sem_post(&full);
sem_post(&mutex);
}
pthread_exit(0);
}
void *customer(void *arg)
{
unsigned char buf[UNIT_SIZE];
int len;
int delay;
while(time(NULL)<end_time)
{
delay = (int)(rand()*DELAY_TIME_LEVELS/(RAND_MAX)/2.0)+1;
sleep(delay);
sem_wait(&full);
sem_wait(&mutex);
printf("\nCustomer: delay = %d\n",delay);
memset(buf,0,UNIT_SIZE);
if((len = read(fd,buf,UNIT_SIZE))==-1)
{
if(errno==EAGAIN)
{
printf("No data yet!\n");
}
}
else
{
printf("Read %s from FIFO\n",buf);
}
sem_post(&avail);
sem_post(&mutex);
}
pthread_exit(0);
}
int main()
{
pthread_t pro_id,cus_id;
int ret;
srand(time(NULL));
end_time = time(NULL)+RUN_TIME;
if(mkfifo(MYFIFO,O_CREAT|O_EXCL)<0 && (errno!=EEXIST))
{
printf("Cannot create FIFO\n");
return errno;
}
fd = open(MYFIFO,O_RDWR);
if(fd==-1)
{
printf("Open fifo error!\n");
return fd;
}
ret = sem_init(&mutex,0,1);
ret += sem_init(&avail,0,BUFFER_SIZE);
ret += sem_init(&full,0,0);
if(ret!=0)
{
printf("Any semaphore initialization failed\n");
return ret;
}
pthread_create(&pro_id,NULL,producer,NULL);
pthread_create(&cus_id,NULL,customer,NULL);
pthread_join(pro_id,NULL);
pthread_join(cus_id,NULL);
close(fd);
//unlink删除的是目录项,将文件链接计数减1,并没有真正的删除文件,可以
//用来作为临时文件
unlink(MYFIFO);
}