最近一个服务在早上有大量连接，超过22w，连上时，会有对外服务不能访问问题，从而导致被云检查关闭重启的问题，经查出，是内核一参数设置过小导致，当有大量连接超过时，超出的连接会被丢弃。
net.nf_conntrack_max 和net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max值
内核参数 net.nf_conntrack_max 系统默认值为”65536”，当nf_conntrack模块被装置且服务器上连接超过这个设定的值时，系统会主动丢掉新连接包，直到连接小于此设置值才会恢复。同时内核参数“net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established”系统默认值为”432000”，代表nf_conntrack的TCP连接记录时间默认是5天，致使nf_conntrack的值减不下来，丢包持续时间长。
nf_conntrack模块在首次装载或重新装载时，内核参数net.nf_conntrack_max会重新设置为默认值“65536”，并且不会调用sysctl设置为我们的预设值。
触发nf_conntrack模块首次装载比较隐蔽，任何调用IPtable NAT功能的操作都会触发。当系统没有挂载nf_conntrack模块时，iptables 相关命令（iptables -L -t nat）就成触发nf_conntrack模块装置，致使net.nf_conntrack_max 重设为65536。
触发nf_conntrack模块重新装载的操作很多，CentOS6 中“service iptables restart”，CentOS7中“systemctl restart firewalld”都会触发设置重置，致使net.nf_conntrack_max 重设为65536。
解决方案
通过系统初始化脚本创建配置文件”/etc/modprobe.d/nf_conntrack.conf”, 内容为“options nf_conntrack hashsize=262144”，通过nf_conntrack模块挂接参数”hashsize”设置“net.nf_conntrack_max=2097152”（nf_conntrack_max=hashsize*8），保证后续新初始化服务器配置正确。
通过自动化部署工具全网推送配置文件”/etc/modprobe.d/nf_conntrack.conf”, 内容为“options nf_conntrack hashsize=262144”，保证nf_conntrack模块在首次装载或重新装载时“net.nf_conntrack_max”内核参数设置为我们预期的“2097152”
更新系统初始化脚本，设置“net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established=1800”，减少nf_conntrack的TCP连接记录时间。
如果并不需要nf_conntrack及其相关模块可以在/etc/modprobe.d目录新建文件blacklist.conf ,文件中加入：install nf_conntrack /bin/false 这样做的副作用是无法再使用Iptables NAT相关功能
分析过程
nf_conntrack模块在首次装载时初始化默认值为”65536”
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# lsmod |grep nf_conntrack
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -a |grep nf_conntrack
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -L -t nat
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
[root@localhost ~]# lsmod |grep nf_conntrack
nf_conntrack_ipv4 19108 1
nf_defrag_ipv4 12729 1 nf_conntrack_ipv4
nf_conntrack 111302 3 nf_nat,nf_nat_ipv4,nf_conntrack_ipv4
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -a |grep nf_conntrack
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_acct = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_buckets = 16384
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_checksum = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_count = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_events = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_events_retry_timeout = 15
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_expect_max = 256
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_generic_timeout = 600
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_helper = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_icmp_timeout = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_log_invalid = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 65536
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_be_liberal = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_loose = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_max_retrans = 3
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close = 10
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 432000
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_last_ack = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_max_retrans = 300
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_syn_recv = 60
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_syn_sent = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_unacknowledged = 300
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_timestamp = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_udp_timeout = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_udp_timeout_stream = 180
net.nf_conntrack_max = 65536
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设置“net.nf_conntrack_max = 2097152” ，重启“firewalld”服务，”nf_conntrack_max”重新被初始化为”65536”
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl net.nf_conntrack_max=2097152
net.nf_conntrack_max = 2097152
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -a |grep nf_conntrack
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_acct = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_buckets = 16384
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_checksum = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_count = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_events = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_events_retry_timeout = 15
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_expect_max = 256
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_generic_timeout = 600
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_helper = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_icmp_timeout = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_log_invalid = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 2097152
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_be_liberal = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_loose = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_max_retrans = 3
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close = 10
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 432000
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_last_ack = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_max_retrans = 300
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_syn_recv = 60
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_syn_sent = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_unacknowledged = 300
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_timestamp = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_udp_timeout = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_udp_timeout_stream = 180
net.nf_conntrack_max = 2097152
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -a |grep nf_conntrack
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_acct = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_buckets = 16384
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_checksum = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_count = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_events = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_events_retry_timeout = 15
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_expect_max = 256
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_frag6_high_thresh = 4194304
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_frag6_low_thresh = 3145728
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_frag6_timeout = 60
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_generic_timeout = 600
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_helper = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_icmp_timeout = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_icmpv6_timeout = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_log_invalid = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 65536
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_be_liberal = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_loose = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_max_retrans = 3
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close = 10
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 432000
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_last_ack = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_max_retrans = 300
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_syn_recv = 60
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_syn_sent = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_unacknowledged = 300
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_timestamp = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_udp_timeout = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_udp_timeout_stream = 180
net.nf_conntrack_max = 65536
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设置配置文件”/etc/modprobe.d/nf_conntrack.conf”, 内容为“options nf_conntrack hashsize=262144”,保持“net.nf_conntrack_max =2097152”
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/modprobe.d/nf_conntrack.conf
options nf_conntrack hashsize=262144
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -L -t nat
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -a |grep nf_conntrack
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_acct = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_buckets = 262144
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_checksum = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_count = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_events = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_events_retry_timeout = 15
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_expect_max = 4096
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_generic_timeout = 600
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_helper = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_icmp_timeout = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_log_invalid = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 2097152
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_be_liberal = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_loose = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_max_retrans = 3
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close = 10
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 432000
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_last_ack = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_max_retrans = 300
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_syn_recv = 60
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_syn_sent = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_unacknowledged = 300
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_timestamp = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_udp_timeout = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_udp_timeout_stream = 180
net.nf_conntrack_max = 2097152
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -a |grep nf_conntrack
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_acct = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_buckets = 262144
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_checksum = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_count = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_events = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_events_retry_timeout = 15
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_expect_max = 4096
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_frag6_high_thresh = 4194304
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_frag6_low_thresh = 3145728
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_frag6_timeout = 60
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_generic_timeout = 600
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_helper = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_icmp_timeout = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_icmpv6_timeout = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_log_invalid = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 2097152
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_be_liberal = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_loose = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_max_retrans = 3
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close = 10
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 432000
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_last_ack = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_max_retrans = 300
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_syn_recv = 60
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_syn_sent = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_unacknowledged = 300
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_timestamp = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_udp_timeout = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_udp_timeout_stream = 180
net.nf_conntrack_max = 2097152
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版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「砚上有墨」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45423952/article/details/112752962
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