转自:http://blog.csdn.net/liguo9860/article/details/50848216
创建游标
首先在MySql中创建一张数据表:
- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `store` (
- `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
- `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
- `count` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1',
- PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
- ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=7;
- INSERT INTO `store` (`id`, `name`, `count`) VALUES
- (1, 'android', 15),
- (2, 'iphone', 14),
- (3, 'iphone', 20),
- (4, 'android', 5),
- (5, 'android', 13),
- (6, 'iphone', 13);
我们现在要用存储过程做一个功能,统计iphone的总库存是多少,并把总数输出到控制台。
- --在windows系统中写存储过程时,如果需要使用declare声明变量,需要添加这个关键字,否则会报错。
- delimiter //
- drop procedure if exists StatisticStore;
- CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore()
- BEGIN
- --创建接收游标数据的变量
- declare c int;
- declare n varchar(20);
- --创建总数变量
- declare total int default 0;
- --创建结束标志变量
- declare done int default false;
- --创建游标
- declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';
- --指定游标循环结束时的返回值
- declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
- --设置初始值
- set total = 0;
- --打开游标
- open cur;
- --开始循环游标里的数据
- read_loop:loop
- --根据游标当前指向的一条数据
- fetch cur into n,c;
- --判断游标的循环是否结束
- if done then
- leave read_loop; --跳出游标循环
- end if;
- --获取一条数据时,将count值进行累加操作,这里可以做任意你想做的操作,
- set total = total + c;
- --结束游标循环
- end loop;
- --关闭游标
- close cur;
- --输出结果
- select total;
- END;
- --调用存储过程
- call StatisticStore();
fetch是获取游标当前指向的数据行,并将指针指向下一行,当游标已经指向最后一行时继续执行会造成游标溢出。 使用loop循环游标时,他本身是不会监控是否到最后一条数据了,像下面代码这种写法,就会造成死循环;
- read_loop:loop
- fetch cur into n,c;
- set total = total+c;
- end loop;
在MySql中,造成游标溢出时会引发mysql预定义的NOT FOUND错误,所以在上面使用下面的代码指定了当引发not found错误时定义一个continue 的事件,指定这个事件发生时修改done变量的值。
- declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
所以在循环时加上了下面这句代码:
- --判断游标的循环是否结束
- if done then
- leave read_loop; --跳出游标循环
- end if;
如果done的值是true,就结束循环。继续执行下面的代码。
使用方式
游标有三种使用方式: 第一种就是上面的实现,使用loop循环; 第二种方式如下,使用while循环:
- drop procedure if exists StatisticStore1;
- CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore1()
- BEGIN
- declare c int;
- declare n varchar(20);
- declare total int default 0;
- declare done int default false;
- declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';
- declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
- set total = 0;
- open cur;
- fetch cur into n,c;
- while(not done) do
- set total = total + c;
- fetch cur into n,c;
- end while;
- close cur;
- select total;
- END;
- call StatisticStore1();
第三种方式是使用repeat执行:
- drop procedure if exists StatisticStore2;
- CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore2()
- BEGIN
- declare c int;
- declare n varchar(20);
- declare total int default 0;
- declare done int default false;
- declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';
- declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
- set total = 0;
- open cur;
- repeat
- fetch cur into n,c;
- if not done then
- set total = total + c;
- end if;
- until done end repeat;
- close cur;
- select total;
- END;
- call StatisticStore2();
游标嵌套
在mysql中,每个begin end 块都是一个独立的scope区域,由于MySql中同一个error的事件只能定义一次,如果多定义的话在编译时会提示Duplicate handler declared in the same block。
- drop procedure if exists StatisticStore3;
- CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore3()
- BEGIN
- declare _n varchar(20);
- declare done int default false;
- declare cur cursor for select name from store group by name;
- declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
- open cur;
- read_loop:loop
- fetch cur into _n;
- if done then
- leave read_loop;
- end if;
- begin
- declare c int;
- declare n varchar(20);
- declare total int default 0;
- declare done int default false;
- declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';
- declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
- set total = 0;
- open cur;
- iphone_loop:loop
- fetch cur into n,c;
- if done then
- leave iphone_loop;
- end if;
- set total = total + c;
- end loop;
- close cur;
- select _n,n,total;
- end;
- begin
- declare c int;
- declare n varchar(20);
- declare total int default 0;
- declare done int default false;
- declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'android';
- declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
- set total = 0;
- open cur;
- android_loop:loop
- fetch cur into n,c;
- if done then
- leave android_loop;
- end if;
- set total = total + c;
- end loop;
- close cur;
- select _n,n,total;
- end;
- begin
- end;
- end loop;
- close cur;
- END;
- call StatisticStore3();
上面就是实现一个嵌套循环,当然这个例子比较牵强。凑合看看就行。。
动态SQL
Mysql 支持动态SQL的功能,
- set @sqlStr='select * from table where condition1 = ?';
- prepare s1 for @sqlStr;
- --如果有多个参数用逗号分隔
- execute s1 using @condition1;
- --手工释放,或者是 connection 关闭时, server 自动回收
- deallocate prepare s1;