7_tensorflow分布式
1、理论部分
1.1、GPU设置
- 默认使用全部GPU并且内存全部占满,这样很浪费资源
- 如何不浪费内存和计算资源
- 内存自增长
- 虚拟设备机制
- 多GPU使用
- 虚拟GPU & 实际GPU
- 手工设置 & 分布式机制
1.1.1、API列表
- tf.debugging.set_log_device_placement(打印一些信息,某个变量分配在哪个设备上)
- tf.config.expermental.set_visible_devices(设置本进程的可见设备)
- tf.config.experimental.list_logical_devices(获取所有的逻辑设备,eg:物理设备比作磁盘,逻辑设备就是磁盘分区)
- tf.config.experimental.list_physcial_devices(获取物理设备的列表,有多少个GPU就获取到多少个GPU)
- tf.config.experimental.set_memory_growth(内存自增,程序对GPU内存的占用,用多少占多少,而不是全占满)
- tf.config.experimental.VirtualDeviceConfiguration(建立逻辑分区)
- tf.config.set_soft_device_placement(自动把某个计算分配到某个设备上)
1.2、分布式策略
为什么需要分布式:
- 数据量太大
- 模型太复杂
tensorflow都支持哪些分布式策略: - MirroredStrategy
- CentralStorageStrategy
- MultiworkerMirroredStrtegy
- TPUStrategy
- ParameterServerStrategy
1.2.1、MirroredStrategy镜像策略
1.2.2、CentralStorageStrategy
1.2.3、MultiworkerMirroredStrtegy
1.2.4、TPUStrategy
1.2.5、ParameterServerStrategy
伪代码讲解:
分布式类型:
同步异步优缺点:
同步:
异步:
2、实战部分
2.1、GPU设置实战
2.1.1、GPU使用实战
查看有多少个GPU,命令:nvidia-smi
设置GPU:内存增长
tf_gpu_1
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
import numpy as np
import sklearn
import pandas as pd
import os
import sys
import time
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras
print(tf.__version__)
print(sys.version_info)
for module in mpl, np, pd, sklearn, tf, keras:
print(module.__name__, module.__version__)
tf.debugging.set_log_device_placement(True) #打印出模型的各个变量分布在哪个GPU上,
gpus = tf.config.experimental.list_physical_devices('GPU')
#必须要在GPU启动的时候被设置否则会报错
for gpu in gpus:
tf.config.experimental.set_memory_growth(gpu, True) #设置GPU自增长
print(len(gpus))
logical_gpus = tf.config.experimental.list_logical_devices('GPU')
print(len(logical_gpus))
fashion_mnist = keras.datasets.fashion_mnist
(x_train_all, y_train_all), (x_test, y_test) = fashion_mnist.load_data()
x_valid, x_train = x_train_all[:5000], x_train_all[5000:]
y_valid, y_train = y_train_all[:5000], y_train_all[5000:]
print(x_valid.shape, y_valid.shape)
print(x_train.shape, y_train.shape)
print(x_test.shape, y_test.shape)
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
scaler = StandardScaler()
x_train_scaled = scaler.fit_transform(
x_train.astype(np.float32).reshape(-1, 1)).reshape(-1, 28, 28, 1)
x_valid_scaled = scaler.transform(
x_valid.astype(np.float32).reshape(-1, 1)).reshape(-1, 28, 28, 1)
x_test_scaled = scaler.transform(
x_test.astype(np.float32).reshape(-1, 1)).reshape(-1, 28, 28, 1)
生成dataset;
def make_dataset(images, labels, epochs, batch_size, shuffle=True):
dataset = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((images, labels))
if shuffle:
dataset = dataset.shuffle(10000)
dataset = dataset.repeat(epochs).batch(batch_size).prefetch(50)
return dataset
batch_size = 128
epochs = 100
#生成训练集的dataset
train_dataset = make_dataset(x_train_scaled, y_train, epochs, batch_size)
默认使用第一个GPU
model = keras.models.Sequential()
model.add(keras.layers.Conv2D(filters=32, kernel_size=3,
padding='same',
activation='relu',
input_shape=(28, 28, 1)))
model.add(keras.layers.Conv2D(filters=32, kernel_size=3,
padding='same',
activation='relu'))
model.add(keras.layers.MaxPool2D(pool_size=2))
model.add(keras.layers.Conv2D(filters=64, kernel_size=3,
padding='same',
activation='relu'))
model.add(keras.layers.Conv2D(filters=64, kernel_size=3,
padding='same',
activation='relu'))
model.add(keras.layers.MaxPool2D(pool_size=2))
model.add(keras.layers.Conv2D(filters=128, kernel_size=3,
padding='same',
activation='relu'))
model.add(keras.layers.Conv2D(filters=128, kernel_size=3,
padding='same',
activation='relu'))
model.add(keras.layers.MaxPool2D(pool_size=2))
model.add(keras.layers.Flatten())
model.add(keras.layers.Dense(128, activation='relu'))
model.add(keras.layers.Dense(10, activation="softmax"))
model.compile(loss="sparse_categorical_crossentropy",
optimizer = "sgd",
metrics = ["accuracy"])
model.summary()
history = model.fit(train_dataset,
steps_per_epoch = x_train_scaled.shape[0] // batch_size,
epochs=10)
查看GPU占用情况:
使用命令实时监控 nvidia-smi 的结果:watch -n 0.1 -x nvidia-smi
(-n是时间间隔,刷新时间0.1s,-x表示要监控哪条命令)
其他GPU的使用(默认只使用第一个GPU)
tf_gpu_2-visible_gpu
方法:只让一个指定的GPU可见,设置其他GPU不可见
import matplotlib