一、实验目的
通过实际编程,进一步了解对称分组密码算法 DES 的加密和解密过程,及其运行原理和实验方法。
二、实验环境
Windows 操作系统,以及 Visual Studio 编程软件
三、实验基本原理及步骤
DES算法的基本原理及步骤讲解视频
看完上面这个视频之后,就能对DES算法有一个基本的了解。不过值得注意的是,DES的解密过程与加密过程类似。只不过密钥需要反过来使用。当然也可以更改解密步骤,只要原理正确即可。在本次实验中,我本来改变了解密步骤,可落实到代码中却无故出错(解密不正确,而原理正确)。故在代码里,我又按照加密步骤重新写了一遍(密钥需反过来使用),程序才正常跑起来。给大家看一下我的出错代码,如果有兄弟发现问题,欢迎指正。(谢谢谢谢谢谢谢谢)
四、实验数据记录
实现 DES 算法:分析 DES 加密/解密算法的每一个步骤,熟悉 DES 加密算法具体的每一个加密步骤和变换过程。编写程序实现 DES 算法加密与解密。在这里我们老师给了我们DES算法实现的部分函数,但依旧需要自己完成剩下的实验内容。
完整代码如下:
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include"memory.h"
#include"stdio.h"
#include"stdlib.h"
#include"math.h"
enum { ENCRYPT, DECRYPT };//ENCRYPT:加密,DECRYPT:解密
void Des_Run1(char In[8]);
void Des_Run2(int In[64]);
//设置密钥
void Des_SetKey(const char Key[8]);
static void F_func(bool* In, const bool* Ki);//f 函数
static void S_func(bool* Out, const bool* In);//S 盒代替
//变换
static void Transform(bool* Out, bool* In, const char* Table, int len);
static void Xor(bool* InA, const bool* InB, int len);//异或
static void RotateL(bool* In, int len, int loop);//循环左移
//字节组转换成位组
static void ByteToBit(bool* Out, const char* In, int bits);
//位组转换成字节组
static void BitToByte(char* Out, const bool* In, int bits);
//置换 IP 表
const static char IP_Table[64] = {
58,50,42,34,26,18,10,2,60,52,44,36,28,20,12,4,
62,54,46,38,30,22,14,6,64,56,48,40,32,24,16,8,
57,49,41,33,25,17,9,1,59,51,43,35,27,19,11,3,
61,53,45,37,29,21,13,5,63,55,47,39,31,23,15,7
};
//逆置换 IP-1 表
const static char IPR_Table[64] = {
40,8,48,16,56,24,64,32,39,7,47,15,55,23,63,31,
38,6,46,14,54,22,62,30,37,5,45,13,53,21,61,29,
36,4,44,12,52,20,60,28,35,3,43,11,51,19,59,27,
34,2,42,10,50,18,58,26,33,1,41,9,49,17,57,25
};
//E 位选择表
static const char E_Table[48] = {
32,1,2,3,4,5,4,5,6,7,8,9,
8,9,10,11,12,13,12,13,14,15,16,17,
16,17,18,19,20,21,20,21,22,23,24,25,
24,25,26,27,28,29,28,29,30,31,32,1
};
//P 换位表
const static char P_Table[32] = {
16,7,20,21,29,12,28,17,1,15,23,26,5,18,31,10,
2,8,24,14,32,27,3,9,19,13,30,6,22,11,4,25
};
//PC1 选位表
const static char PC1_Table[56] = {
57,49,41,33,25,17,9,1,58,50,42,34,26,18,
10,2,59,51,43,35,27,19,11,3,60,52,44,36,
63,55,47,39,31,23,15,7,62,54,46,38,30,22,
14,6,61,53,45,37,29,21,13,5,28,20,12,4
};
//PC2 选位表
const static char PC2_Table[48] = {
14,17,11,24,1,5,3,28,15,6,21,10,
23,19,12,4,26,8,16,7,27,20,13,2,
41,52,31,37,47,55,30,40,51,45,33,48,
44,49,39,56,34,53,46,42,50,36,29,32
};
//左移位数表
const static char LOOP_Table[16] = {
1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1
};//注意这里没打引号不是字符,而直接是ASCII码
//S 盒
const static char S_Box[8][4][16] = {
//S1
14,4,13,1,2,15,11,8,3,10,6,12,5,9,0,7,
0,15,7,4,14,2,13,1,10,6,12,11,9,5,3,8,
4,1,14,8,13,6,2,11,15,12,9,7,3,10,5,0,
15,12,8,2,4,9,1,7,5,11,3,14,10,0,6,13,
//S2
15,1,8,14,6,11,3,4,9,7,2,13,12,0,5,10,
3,13,4,7,15,2,8,14,12,0,1,10,6,9,11,5,
0,14,7,11,10,4,13,1,5,8,12,6,9,3,2,15,
13,8,10,1,3,15,4,2,11,6,7,12,0,5,14,9,
//S3
10,0,9,14,6,3,15,5,1,13,12,7,11,4,2,8,
13,7,0,9,3,4,6,10,2,8,5,14,12,11,15,1,
13,6,4,9,8,15,3,0,11,1,2,12,5,10,14,7,
1,10,13,0,6,9,8,7,4,15,14,3,11,5,2,12,
//S4
7,13,14,3,0,6,9,10,1,2,8,5,11,12,4,15,
13,8,11,5,6,15,0,3,4,7,2,12,1,10,14,9,
10,6,9,0,12,11,7,13,15,1,3,14,5,2,8,4,
3,15,0,6,10,1,13,8,9,4,5,11,12,7,2,14,
//S5
2,12,4,1,7,10,11,6,8,5,3,15,13,0,14,9,
14,11,2,12,4,7,13,1,5,0,15,10,3,9,8,6,
4,2,1,11,10,13,7,8,15,9,12,5,6,3,0,14,
11,8,12,7,1,14,2,13,6,15,0,9,10,4,5,3,
//S6
12,1,10,15,9,2,6,8,0,13,3,4,14,7,5,11,
10,15,4,2,7,12,9,5,6,1,13,14,0,11,3,8,
9,14,15,5,2,8,12,3,7,0,4,10,1,13,11,6,
4,3,2,12,9,5,15,10,11,14,1,7,6,0,8,13,
//S7
4,11,2,14,15,0,8,13,3,12,9,7,5,10,6,1,
13,0,11,7,4,9,1,10,14,3,5,12,2,15,8,6,
1,4,11,13,12,3,7,14,10,15,6,8,0,5,9,2,
6,11,13,8,1,4,10,7,9,5,0,15,14,2,3,12,
//S8
13,2,8,4,6,15,11,1,10,9,3,14,5,0,12,7,
1,15,13,8,10,3,7,4,12,5,6,11,0,14,9,2,
7,11,4,1,9,12,14,2,0,6,10,13,15,3,5,8,
2,1,14,7,4,10,8,13,15,12,9,0,3,5,6,11
};
static bool SubKey[16][48];//16 圈子密钥
void Des_Run1( char In[9]) //加密
{
static bool M[64], Tmp[32], * Li = &M[0], * Ri = &M[32];
ByteToBit(M, In, 64);
Transform(M, M, IP_Table, 64);
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
{
memcpy(Tmp, Ri, 32);
F_func(Ri, SubKey[i]);
Xor(Ri, Li, 32);
memcpy(Li, Tmp, 32);
}
memcpy(Tmp, Ri, 32);
memcpy(Ri, Li, 32);
memcpy(Li, Tmp, 32);
Transform(M, M, IPR_Table, 64);
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
{
printf("%d", M[i]);
}
}
void Des_Run2(char* Out,int In[64])//解密
{
static bool M[64], Tmp[32], * Li = &M[0], * Ri = &M[32];
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
{
M[i] = In[i];
}
printf("\n");
Transform(M, M, IP_Table, 64);
for (int i = 15; i >= 0; i--)
{
memcpy(Tmp, Ri, 32);
F_func(Ri, SubKey[i]);
Xor(Ri, Li, 32);
memcpy(Li, Tmp, 32);
}
memcpy(Tmp, Ri, 32);
memcpy(Ri, Li, 32);
memcpy(Li, Tmp, 32);
Transform(M, M, IPR_Table, 64);
BitToByte(Out, M, 64);
}
void Transform(bool* Out, bool* In, const char* Table, int len)
{
static bool Tmp[256];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
Tmp[i] = In[Table[i] - 1];
memcpy(Out, Tmp, len);
}//置换:out为输出数组,In为输入数组,Table为置换表,len为置换数组的总长度
void Xor(bool* InA, const bool* InB, int len)
{
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
InA[i] ^= InB[i];
}//异或:A异或B,得到(改变)A,len为数组的总长度
void RotateL(bool* In, int len, int loop)
{
static bool Tmp[256] ;
memcpy(Tmp, In, loop);
memcpy(In, In + loop, len - loop);
memcpy(In + len - loop, Tmp, loop);
}//左移:In为输入数组也为输出数组,len为数组长度,loop为左移长度
void ByteToBit(bool* Out, const char* In, int bits)
{
for (int i = 0; i < bits; i++)
Out[i] = (In[i / 8] >> (7 - (i % 8))) & 1;
}//In为输入数组,Out为输出数组,bits为位数长度,即将输入的字符串转为ASCII码(改正)
void BitToByte(char* Out, const bool* In, int bits)
{
memset(Out, 0, 9);
for (int i = 0; i < bits; i++)
Out[i / 8] |= In[i] << (7 - (i % 8));
}//In为输入数组,Out为输出数组,bits为位数长度,需严格按照ASCII码二进制标准,是8的倍数
//该函数是将ASCII码转换为相应的字符串(改正版)
//-------------以上是报告给出的代码----------
void Des_SetKey(const char Key[9])//密钥本来8位,加1位留给‘\0’
{
static bool N0[64],N1[56],*L1=&N1[0],*R1=&N1[28];
ByteToBit(N0, Key, 64);
Transform(N1, N0, PC1_Table, 56);
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
{
int a = LOOP_Table[i] ;
RotateL(L1, 28, a);
RotateL(R1, 28, a);
Transform(SubKey[i], N1, PC2_Table, 48);
}
}//设置密钥
static void F_func(bool* In, const bool* Ki)//f 函数(In是32位,Ki是48位)
{
static bool N0[48];
Transform(N0, In, E_Table, 48);
Xor(N0, Ki, 48);
S_func(In, N0);
Transform(In, In, P_Table, 32);
}
static void S_func(bool* Out, const bool* In)//S 盒代替(In是48位,Out是32位)
{
Out[32] = { false };
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
int a = In[6 * i] * 2 + In[6 * i + 5];
int b = In[6 * i + 1] * 8 + In[6 * i + 2] * 4 + In[6 * i + 3] * 2 + In[6 * i + 4];
int c = S_Box[i][a][b];
a = 0;//开始求二进制
b = 0;
int q = 1;
while (c != 0)
{
a = c % 2;
b += a * q;
c = c / 2;
q *= 10;
}//b即为整数形式的二进制
for (int g = 0; g < 4; g++)
{
Out[4 * i + g] = b /(int (pow(10, 3 - g))) % 10;
}
}
}
void menu()
{
printf("+-----------------------------------------------------------+\n");
printf("|---------------欢迎来到DES加密&解密测试系统----------------|\n");
printf("+-----------------------------------------------------------+\n");
}
int main()
{
system ("chcp 936");
menu();
while (1)
{
int flag, m = 0, n = 0, o = 0;//分别记录数据字符个数
char miyao[9], mingwen[9], miwen[65];
int miwen1[64] = { 0 };
printf("++-------------------请选择所需功能------------------------++\n");
printf("+| 1. 加密 |+\n");
printf("+| 2. 解密 |+\n");
printf("+| 0. 退出程序 |+\n");
printf("++---------------------------------------------------------++\n");
scanf("%d", &flag);
if (!flag)
{
break;
}
else if ((flag != 1) && (flag != 2))
{
printf("*Error:输入不合法,请重新输入!*\n");
continue;
}
printf("请输入密钥(8位字符以内且不包括中文,如“a”“1”):");
scanf("%s", miyao);
for (int i = 0; miyao[i] != '\0'; i++)
{
m++;
}
memset(miyao + m + 1, 0, 8 - m);
Des_SetKey(miyao);
printf("\n++---------------------------------------------------------++\n");
switch (flag)
{
case 1:
printf("请输入明文(8位字符以内且不包括中文,如“a”“1”):");
scanf("%s", mingwen);
for (int i = 0; mingwen[i] != '\0'; i++)
{
n++;
}
memset(mingwen + n + 1, 0, 8 - n);
printf("加密后的密文结果是:\n");
Des_Run1( mingwen);
printf("\n");
break;
case 2:
printf("请输入密文(64位二进制数字):\n");
scanf("%s", miwen);
o = 64;
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
{
miwen1[i] = miwen[i] - '0';
}
Des_Run2(mingwen,miwen1);
printf("解密后的明文结果是:%s\n", mingwen);
printf("\n");
break;
default:
printf("输入错误,请重新输入");
printf("\n");
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
正确的DES解密函数我已经在代码中给出。函数的相应功能我也已经在旁边的注释上写的明明白白。欢迎好兄弟指正。不过需要说明的是,本代码设计比较简陋。只能输入 8 位以内密钥、8 位以内明文且必须是字符,不能是汉字,是 8 位 ASCII 码所涵盖的字符、64 位密文(ASCII码版),否则会报错。为什么不将 ASCII 码版的密文换成字符版呢?这是因为代码设计的比较简陋,只能转换 8 位 ASCII 码所覆盖的字符。如果得到的密文的ASCII 码不符合规范则会产生乱码,从而不能解密得到正确的明文。不过如果要完善这些不足,可以改用跟合适的编码方式。并可以添加相应的函数自动将输入的字符分为小段(8 位),从而可以达到输入更多字符的效果。
五、测试结果
六、总结
各位看官,都看到这里了,点个赞再走吧~~~浪费可耻,拒绝白嫖!!!