flask的post,get请求及获取不同格式的参数

• Ubuntu18.04
• Flask

1 获取不同格式参数

序号	参数格式	获取方式
1	json	reqeust.json[] request.json.get()
2	form	request.form[] request.form.get()
3	args	request.args[] request.args.get()
4	file	request.files[] request.files.get()
5	以上格式	request.values[] reqeust.values.get()

1.0 获取json参数

• Demo

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/jsonargs/<string:args_1>', methods=['POST'])
def json_args(args_1):
	args_2 = request.json.get("args_2")
	args_3 = request.json['args_3']
	return jsonify({"args_1":args_1, "args_2":args_2, "args_3":args_3})

if __name__ == "__main__":
	app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8080, debug=True)

• request
  

图1.0 json数据

1.2 获取form参数

• Demo

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify

app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/formargs/<int:args_1>', methods=['POST'])
def form_args(args_1):
	args_2 = request.form.get('args_2')
	args_3 = request.form['args_3']
	return jsonify({"args_1":args_1, "args_2":args_2, "args_3":args_3})

if __name__ == "__main__":
	app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8080, debug=True)

• Request
  

图2.1 form数据

1.3 get获取地址栏参数

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/getargs', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def get_args():
	args_1 = request.args.get("args_1")
	args_2 = request.args.get("args_2")
	args_3 = request.args.get("args_3")
	return jsonify({"args_1":args_1, "args_2":args_2, "args_3":args_3})
if __name__ == "__main__":
	app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8080, debug=True)

• Request

图3.1 地址栏数据

1.4 获取file文件

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
import os
basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__name__))
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/imageprocess', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def image_preprocess():
	# get upload image and save
	image = request.files['image']
	path = basedir + "/source_images/"
	file_path = path + image.filename
	image.save(file_path)
if __name__ == "__main__":
	app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8080, debug=True)

1.5 获取任何格式

from flask import Flask, request

app = Flask(__name__)

def upload_data():
	data = request.values.get("input")
	return jsonify({"data type":"successfully upload!"})
if __name__ == "__main__":
	app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8090, debug=True)

2 文件格式解析

from flask import Flask, jsonify, request,abort
import os

app = Flask(__name__)
def path_get():
	path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__name__))
	return path

@app.route('/connect', methods=["GET"])
def connect():
	return jsonify({"connect state":"successfully connect!"})

@app.route('/upload_data', methods=["GET", "POST"])
def upload_data():
	# 判断form文件是否为空及是否是form文件
	if request.form and 'input' in request.form:
		upload_data = request.form['input']
		form_type = request.form
		print("form type: {}".format(form_type))
		# return jsonify({"input data":upload_data})
		return jsonify({"form data type":form_type})
	# 判断json文件是否为空及是否是json文件
	elif request.json and 'input' in request.json:
		upload_data = request.json['input']
		# return jsonify({"input data":upload_data})
		# return jsonify({"input test":"success"})
		json_type = request.json
		print("json type: {}".format(json_type))
		return jsonify({"form data type":json_type})
	# 判断files文件是否为空及是否是files文件
	elif 'input' in request.files:
		file = request.files["input"]
		path = path_get() + "/images/test.png"
		# file.save(path)
		files_type = request.files
		print("files type: {}".format(files_type))
		return jsonify({"path":path})
		
		# return jsonify({"form data type":files_type})

	else:
		abort(400)

if __name__ == "__main__":
	app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8098, debug=True)

• Result

# form数据
form type: ImmutableMultiDict([('input', 'dancer')])
{
    "form data type": {
        "input": "dancer"
    }
}
=======================
# json数据
json type: {'input': 'jumper'}
{
    "form data type": {
        "input": "jumper"
    }
}
=======================
# files文件
files type: ImmutableMultiDict([('input', <FileStorage: '1.jpeg' ('image/jpeg')>)])

• Analysis
  (1) form数据是可遍历的字典,可使用字典属性;
  (2) json数据为字典,可使用字典属性;
  (3) files数据为可遍历的字典,可使用字典属性,通过key判断是否存在该key,如input这个键;
  (4) 当使用数据中的一种格式时,其他的数据为None,不可遍历,因此直接使用if判断是否为该类型的数据,会抛出错误TypeError: argument of type 'NoneType' is not iterable,所以通过先判断数据是否为空,然后判断是否为指定格式,解除错误;

3 获取checkbox数据

3.1 获取一个checkbox数据

• html

<p><input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_name" value="选择框">选择框</p>

• flask

data = request.values.get("checkbox_name")

3.2 获取多个checkbox数据

• html

<p><input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_names" value="选择1">选择1</p>
<p><input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_names" value="选择1">选择2</p>
<p><input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_names" value="选择1">选择3</p>

• flask

datas = request.values.getlist("checkbox_names")

3.3 分级选择

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/kaituorensheng/p/4529113.html

<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 


<script>
function allSelect(check_v, checkname)
{
    var v_item = document.getElementsByName(check_v);
    var items = document.getElementsByName(checkname);
    for (var i = 0; i < items.length; ++i)
    {
        if (v_item[0].checked)
        {
            items[i].checked = true;
        }
        else
        {
            items[i].checked = false;
        }
    }
}

function singleSelect2parent(check_v, checkname)
{
    var v_item = document.getElementsByName(check_v);
    var items = document.getElementsByName(checkname);
    var childStatus = true;
    for (var i = 0; i < items.length; ++i)
    {
        childStatus = (childStatus && items[i].checked);
    }
    if (childStatus)
    {
        v_item[0].checked = true;
    }
    else
    {
        v_item[0].checked = false;
    }
}

</script>
</head>
<body>

<p> <input type="checkbox" checked name="checkbox_v1" value="version1" onclick="allSelect('checkbox_v1', 'checkbox1')">默认全选</p>
<ul>
    <p> <input type="checkbox" checked name="checkbox1" value="layer1" onclick="singleSelect2parent('checkbox_v1', 'checkbox1')">tiger_roads</p>
    <p> <input type="checkbox" checked name="checkbox1" value="layer2" onclick="singleSelect2parent('checkbox_v1', 'checkbox1')">poly_landmarks</p>
    <p> <input type="checkbox" checked name="checkbox1" value="layer3" onclick="singleSelect2parent('checkbox_v1', 'checkbox1')">poi</p>
</ul>

<p> <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_v2" value="version2" onclick="allSelect('checkbox_v2', 'checkbox2')">默认全不选</p>
<ul>
    <p> <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox2" value="layer1" onclick="singleSelect2parent('checkbox_v2', 'checkbox2')" >tiger_roads</p>
    <p> <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox2" value="layer2" onclick="singleSelect2parent('checkbox_v2', 'checkbox2')">poly_landmarks</p>
    <p> <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox2" value="layer3" onclick="singleSelect2parent('checkbox_v2', 'checkbox2')">poi</p>
</ul>
</body>

</html>

4 总结

(1) 数据获取使用request请求,常用数据格式有json,form,file及地址栏的get请求数据;
(2) form及json数据请求方式均有两种,如request.json.get(),request.json[];
(3) 获取文件数据,可通过filename属性获取文件名,save属性进行保存;
(4) 地址栏可直接写入数据,需在route的方法内使用格式为:<type:args>如<int:id>,<string:name>等;
(5) 通过判断输入数据的格式,提供不同类型的输入;

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[参考文献]
[1]https://www.jianshu.com/p/ecd97b1c21c1
[2]https://blog.csdn.net/p571912102/article/details/80526634
[3]https://www.cnblogs.com/kaituorensheng/p/4529113.html
[4]https://blog.csdn.net/kuangshp128/article/details/68926902

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