实验题
1 变量作用域
运行下列程序,查看输出。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void fn1();
int x = 1, y = 2;
int main()
{
cout << "Begin..." << endl;
cout << "x = " << x << endl;
cout << "y = " << y << endl;
cout << "Evaluate x and y in main()..." << endl;
int x = 10, y = 20;
cout << "x = " << x << endl;
cout << "y = " << y << endl;
cout << "Step into fn1()..." << endl;
fn1();
cout << "Back in main" << endl;
cout << "x = " << x << endl;
cout << "y = " << y << endl;
return 0;
}
void fn1()
{
int y = 200;
cout << "x = " << x << endl;
cout << "y = " << y << endl;
}
输出为:
Begin...
x = 1
y = 2
Evaluate x and y in main()...
x = 10
y = 20
Step into fn1()...
x = 1
y = 200
Back in main
x = 10
y = 20
client类
client.h
#ifndef CLIENT_H_
#define CLIENT_H_
class Client {
static char ServerName;
static int ClientNum;
public:
static void ChangeServerName(char name);
static int getClientNum();
};
#endif //CLIENT_H_
client.cpp
#include "client.h"
void Client::ChangeServerName(char name) {
Client::ServerName = name;
Client::ClientNum ++;
}
int Client::getClientNum() {
return Client::ClientNum;
}
test.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "client.h"
using namespace std;
int Client::ClientNum = 0;
char Client::ServerName = 'a';
int main()
{
Client c1;
c1.ChangeServerName('a');
cout << c1.getClientNum() << endl;
Client c2;
c2.ChangeServerName('b');
cout << c2.getClientNum() << endl;
return 0;
}
作业题
1、余额宝
题目描述
请实现一个“鱼额宝”类,下面已给出代码模板,请根据main函数中对该类的操作,补充类实现部分完成代码。
“鱼额宝”类可以记录账户余额、存钱、取钱、计算利息。该类中有一个私有静态成员变量profitRate存储“鱼额宝”的利率,可以用共有静态成员函数setProfitRate修改利率的值。程序输入为第1天至第n天连续n天的账户操作,每天只能进行一次账户操作,或存或取,每一天产生的利息是前一天的账户余额与“鱼额宝”利率的乘积,产生的利息当天也将存入账户余额,由于第1天之前账户不存在,所以第1天一定是新建账户并存钱,且当天不会有利息存入余额。程序在接受n天操作的输入后,要求计算出第n天操作完成后的账户余额并输出。代码如下:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Yuebao
{
static double profitRate;
public:
static void setProfitRate(double rate);
/* Your code here! */
};
int main()
{
int n;
while(cin >> n)
{
double profitRate;
cin >> profitRate;
Yuebao::setProfitRate(profitRate);//设定鱼额宝的利率
Yuebao y(0); //新建鱼额宝账户,余额初始化为0
int operation;//接受输入判断是存还是取
double amount;//接受输入存取金额
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
y.addProfit();//加入前一天余额产生的利息
cin >> operation >> amount;
if (operation == 0)
y.deposit(amount);//存入金额
else
y.withdraw(amount);//取出金额
}
cout << y.getBalance() << endl;//输出最终账户余额
}
return 0;
}
-
输入描述
每个测例共 n+2 行
第 1 行输入一个整数 n ,表示接下来有 n 天的操作
第 2 行输入一个实数,为 “ 鱼额宝 ” 的利率, n 天中利率不变
接下来有 n 行,代表 n 天的操作,每行有 2 个数,第 1 个数或 0 或 1 , 0 表示存钱, 1 表示取钱,第二个实数为存取的金额
1 <= n <= 20 -
输出描述
对于每一个测例,输出第n天操作完成后的账户余额 -
样例输入
3
0.1
0 10
0 10
1 10 -
样例输出
13.1
!!注意静态数据成员的初始化,静态数据成员是所有对象共享的,需要在类外进行单独的初始化。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Yuebao
{
static double profitRate;
double balance;
public:
static void setProfitRate(double rate) {
profitRate = rate;
}
Yuebao(double balance) : balance(balance) {}
void addProfit() {
balance += balance * profitRate;
}
void deposit(double amount) {
balance += amount;
}
void withdraw(double amount) {
balance -= amount;
}
double getBalance() { return balance; }
};
double Yuebao::profitRate = 0; //静态数据成员注意要使用类名限定
int main()
{
int n;
while (cin >> n)
{
double profitRate;
cin >> profitRate;
Yuebao::setProfitRate(profitRate);//设定鱼额宝的利率
Yuebao y(0); //新建鱼额宝账户,余额初始化为0
int operation;//接受输入判断是存还是取
double amount;//接受输入存取金额
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
y.addProfit();//加入前一天余额产生的利息
cin >> operation >> amount;
if (operation == 0)
y.deposit(amount);//存入金额
else
y.withdraw(amount);//取出金额
}
cout << y.getBalance() << endl;//输出最终账户余额
}
return 0;
}
2、数老鼠
题目描述
请实现一个老鼠类,下面已给出代码模板,请根据main函数中对该类的操作,补充类实现部分完成代码。
该类有个公有静态变量num记录该类的所有对象数,主函数将会在不同语句之后输出对象数,只有正确地实现该类,保证num正确记录该类的对象数,才能输出正确的结果。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Mouse{
/* Your code here! */
};
void fn(Mouse m);
int main()
{
Mouse::num = 0;
Mouse a;
cout << Mouse::num << endl;
Mouse b(a);
cout << Mouse::num << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
{
Mouse x;
cout << Mouse::num << endl;
}
fn(a);
cout << Mouse::num << endl;
return 0;
}
void fn(Mouse m)
{
cout << Mouse::num << endl;
Mouse n(m);
cout << Mouse::num << endl;
}
!!注意析构函数
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Mouse {
public:
static int num;
Mouse() { num += 1; } //构造函数
Mouse(Mouse &m) { num += 1; } //拷贝构造函数
~Mouse() { num -= 1; } //析构函数
};
int Mouse::num = 0;
void fn(Mouse m);
int main()
{
Mouse::num = 0;
Mouse a;
cout << Mouse::num << endl;
Mouse b(a);
cout << Mouse::num << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
{
Mouse x;
cout << Mouse::num << endl;
}
fn(a);
cout << Mouse::num << endl;
return 0;
}
void fn(Mouse m)
{
cout << Mouse::num << endl;
Mouse n(m);
cout << Mouse::num << endl;
}