FutureTask源码浅析

###　FutureTask
用Runnable提交异步任务是没有返回值的，如果需要返回值的异步任务,使用Callable接口。
例子:

public static class CallAbleTask implements Callable<String> {

        @Override
        public String call() throws Exception {
            String ret = "this is callable task test";
            return ret;
        }
        
}

上面有返回值的实现原理是什么？

答案是使用FutureTask。
FutureTask的构造函数:将Callable实现类封装为FutureTask，它实现了Runnable接口，之后调用
execute(futureTask)即可执行，下面分析futureTask源码。

public FutureTask(Callable<V> callable) {
        if (callable == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        this.callable = callable;
        this.state = NEW;       // ensure visibility of callable
}

任务有成员变量state记录状态：

• 任务的初始状态都是NEW, 这一点是构造函数保证的，我们后面分析构造函数的时候再讲；
• 任务的终止状态有4种：
  • NORMAL：任务正常执行完毕
  • EXCEPTIONAL：任务执行过程中发生异常
  • CANCELLED：任务被取消
  • INTERRUPTED：任务被中断
• 任务的中间状态有2种：

  • COMPLETING 正在设置任务结果

  • INTERRUPTING 正在中断运行任务的线程

FutureTaskd的run代码,用来运行callable实现类的call。该方法将cal的返回结果设置到对象变量result里，当运行结束后将task的状态设置为NORMAL(final state)，唤醒因提早获取结果而阻塞的线程。

public void run() {
        if (state != NEW ||
            !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,
                                         null, Thread.currentThread()))
            return;
        try {
            Callable<V> c = callable;
            if (c != null && state == NEW) {
                V result;
                boolean ran;
                try {
                    result = c.call();
                    ran = true;
                } catch (Throwable ex) {
                    result = null;
                    ran = false;
                    setException(ex);
                }
                if (ran)
                    //调完call方法,开始把结果放入
                    set(result);
            }
        } finally {
            // runner must be non-null until state is settled to
            // prevent concurrent calls to run()
            runner = null;
            // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
            // leaked interrupts
            int s = state;
            if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
                handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
        }
    }

调完call方法,开始把得到的result存入对象变量里

protected void set(V v) {
        //更新对象的任务状态
        if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW, COMPLETING)) {
            //结果放入outcome
            outcome = v;
            //更新对象的任务状态
            UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, NORMAL); // final state
            //遍历整个等待队列链表,唤醒线程,gc掉这些等待线程node
            finishCompletion();
        }
}

遍历整个等待队列链表,唤醒线程,gc掉这些等待线程node

private void finishCompletion() {
        // assert state > COMPLETING;
        //遍历等待队列
        for (WaitNode q; (q = waiters) != null;) {
            if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset, q, null)) {
                for (;;) {
                    Thread t = q.thread;
                    if (t != null) {
                        q.thread = null;
                        LockSupport.unpark(t);
                    }
                    WaitNode next = q.next;
                    if (next == null)
                        break;
                    q.next = null; // unlink to help gc
                    q = next;
                }
                break;
            }
        }
        //子类可以覆盖此函数,callable任务执行完就会执行done();
        done();

        callable = null;        // to reduce footprint
}

获取结果

public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
    int s = state;
    if (s <= COMPLETING)
    //s<=completing即任务还没运行完,调用awaitDone，挂起线程
        s = awaitDone(false, 0L);
    return report(s);
}

等待任务完成(运行态进入阻塞状态)

private int awaitDone(boolean timed, long nanos)
        throws InterruptedException {
        final long deadline = timed ? System.nanoTime() + nanos : 0L;
        WaitNode q = null;
        boolean queued = false;
        for (;;) {
            if (Thread.interrupted()) {
                removeWaiter(q);
                throw new InterruptedException();
            }

            int s = state;
            if (s > COMPLETING) {
                if (q != null)
                    q.thread = null;
                return s;
            }
            else if (s == COMPLETING) // cannot time out yet
            //s == COMPLETING即任务刚刚运行完,让出cpu等一会
            //“运行状态”进入到“就绪状态”。然后再在for循环内
                Thread.yield();
            else if (q == null)
                q = new WaitNode();
            else if (!queued)
                queued = UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset,
                                                     q.next = waiters, q);
            else if (timed) {
                nanos = deadline - System.nanoTime();
                if (nanos <= 0L) {
                    removeWaiter(q);
                    return state;
                }
                LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanos);
            }
            else
                LockSupport.park(this);
        }
}