设计ComputerLab类实例

设计要求：

Write a computer program that could be used to track, by lab, which user is logged into which computer:

Lab Number	Computer Station Numbers
1	1-5
2	1-6
3	1-4
4	1-3

➢ You run four computer labs. Each lab contains computer stations that are numbered as the above table.

➢ Each user has a unique ID number. The ID starting with three characters (for example, SWE or DMT), and followed by three digits (like, 001).

➢ Whenever a user logs in, the user’s ID, lab number, and the computer station number are transmitted to your system. For example, if user SWE001 logs into station 2 in lab 3, then your system receives (SWE001, 2, 3) as input data. Similarly, when a user SWE001 logs off a station,then your system receives the user id SWE001.

➢ If a user who is already logged into a computer attempts to log into a second computer, display "invalid login".If a user attempts to log into a computer which is already occupied, display "invalid login".If a user who is not included in the database attempts to log out, display "invalid logoff".

设计思路：

• 用vector<vector<string>> lab容器模拟实验室，编写init函数，对容器进行初始化，即每台电脑都是无人使用的状态。
  • 对于每个登录的用户，用check函数检查，检查成功则修改电脑状态，未成功则提醒用户未成功的原因。对于每个退出的用户，用logoff函数操作。对于每一个操作结束后，调用display函数展示实验室的状态。
  • 编写logoff函数用于控制用户的退出，并重置该电脑的状态。
  • 编写check函数，遍历实验室的每一台电脑，检查某个用户是否已经登录了某一台电脑。
  • 编写show函数显示每一间实验室中每一台电脑的状态，编写display函数显示每一间实验室的状态。

 代码实现：
 

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

class ComputerLab {
public:
    ComputerLab():Rooms(4)
    {
        Rooms[0]=vector<string>(5,"empty");
        Rooms[1]=vector<string>(6,"empty");
        Rooms[2]=vector<string>(4,"empty");
        Rooms[3]=vector<string>(3,"empty");
    }

    bool login(int room, int computer, const string& userId)
    {
        if(room<1||room>Rooms.size()||computer<1||computer>Rooms[room-1].size()||check(userId))
        {
            cout << "invalid login" << endl;
            return false;
        }
        if (Rooms[room - 1][computer - 1] == "empty") {
            Rooms[room - 1][computer - 1] = userId;
            return true;
        } else {
            cout << "invalid login" << endl;
            return false;
        }
    }

    bool logout(const string& userId)
    {
        for (auto& room : Rooms)
        {
            auto it = find(room.begin(), room.end(), userId);
            if (it != room.end())
            {
                *it = "empty";
                return true;
            }
        }
        cout << "invalid logoff" << endl;
        return false;
    }

    void display() const {
        for (int i = 0; i < Rooms.size(); i++) {
            cout << i + 1 << ":";
            show(Rooms[i]);
        }
    }

private:
    vector<vector<string> > Rooms;

    static void show(const vector<string>& v) {
        for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
            cout << " " << i + 1 << ":" << v[i];
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
    bool check(const string& id) const
    {
        for(const vector<string>& room : Rooms)
        {
            if(find(room.begin(),room.end(),id)!=room.end())return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
};

class User {
public:
    User(const string& id) : id(id) {}

    const string& getId() const {
        return id;
    }

private:
    string id;
};

int main() {
    ComputerLab lab;

    char op='+';
    while (cin >> op && op != '=') {
        if (op == '+') {
            string id;
            int room, computer;
            cin >> id >> room >> computer;
            User user(id);
            lab.login(room,computer,user.getId());
            lab.display();
        } else if (op == '-') {
            string id;
            cin >> id;
            lab.logout(id);
            lab.display();
        } else {
            cout << "Wrong input" << endl;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

运行结果

 代码实现（重载）：

重载运算符+（登录），-（登出），在类内重载。

bool operator+(loginReq& r)
    {
        string userId=(r.userPointer)->id;
        if(login(r.labNum,r.stationNum,userId))r.flag=true;
        else r.flag=false;
        return r.flag;
    }
bool operator-(logoffReq& r)
    {
        string userId=(r.userPointer)->id;
        if(logout(userId))r.flag=true;
        else r.flag=false;
        return r.flag;
    }

结构体定义：

class User {
public:
    User(const string& id) : id(id) {}

    const string& getId() const {
        return id;
    }

private:
    friend class ComputerLab;
    string id;
};
struct loginReq
{
    User* userPointer;  //指向当前请求登录的用户对象
    int labNum;        //用户请求登录的 lab 的 number
    int stationNum;     //用户请求登录的 station 的 number
    bool flag;
};
struct logoffReq
{
    User* userPointer;  //指向当前请求注销的用户对象
    bool flag;
};