网络编程--IO模型示例(阻塞式IO）

IO模型在Richard Stevens的《UNIX网络编程，第一卷》（程序猿必备！）一书中有非常详尽的描述，以下简要介绍，并给出代码示例。

另外比较好的总结性blog，推荐：
使用异步 I/O 大大提高应用程序的性能
IO - 同步，异步，阻塞，非阻塞 （亡羊补牢篇）

常见网络IO模型：阻塞式IO、无阻塞式IO、IO复用、异步IO、信号驱动

阻塞式IO：

在一个进程发出IO请求后，进入阻塞状态，直到内核返回数据，才重新运行，如图：

代码
sever端：

/***************************************************************************
 * 
 * Copyright (c) 2015 ****.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved
 * 
 **************************************************************************/
 
 
 
/**
 * @file server.c
 * @author yangjingyuan01
 * @date 2015/12/13 19:54:19
 * @brief 
 *  
 **/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>



int main(){
    
    int sock_fd, client_fd;
    int sin_size, numbytes;
    struct sockaddr_in server_addr, client_addr;
    
    //create socket
    if((sock_fd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0)) < 0){
        perror("Socket create failed");
        return -1;
    }


    //init socket
    memset(&server_addr,0,sizeof(server_addr));
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(5001);
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);

    //bind socket
    if(bind(sock_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr))==-1){
        perror("bind failed");
        return -1;
    }
    
    //listen socket
    if(listen(sock_fd,10) == -1){
        perror("listen failed");
        return -1;
    }

    printf("Server is running\n");

    char buff[1024];
    while(1){
        sin_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
        //accept connection
        if((client_fd = accept(sock_fd,(struct sockaddr*)&client_addr,(socklen_t*)&sin_size)) == -1){
            perror("accept failed");
            return -1;
        }

        if(!fork()){       
            //child processes
            memset(buff,0,sizeof(buff));
            if((numbytes = recv(client_fd,buff,sizeof(buff),0)) == -1){
                perror("recv error");
                return -1;
             }
    
            printf("buff=%s\n");


            if(send(client_fd,buff,strlen(buff),0) == -1){
                perror("send");
            }
        
            close(client_fd);
            return 0;
        }
        //parent process close child file descriptor
        close(client_fd);
    }

    close(sock_fd);
    return 0;
}


/* vim: set expandtab ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 tw=100: */

client 端：

/***************************************************************************
 * 
 * Copyright (c) 2015 ***.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved
 * 
 **************************************************************************/
 
 
 
/**
 * @file client.c
 * @author yangjingyuan01(com@***.com)
 * @date 2015/12/13 20:53:04
 * @brief 
 *  
 **/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <error.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>



int main(int argc,char *argv[]){

    if(argc != 3){
        printf("%s input IP & port \n",argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }

    int sock_fd,numbytes;
    char buf[100] = "hello world";
    struct hostent *he;
    struct sockaddr_in their_addr;


    //transform ip address
    he = gethostbyname(argv[1]);


    //create socket
    if((sock_fd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0)) == -1){
        perror("socket failed");
        exit(1);
    }

    
    //init struct
    their_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    their_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
    their_addr.sin_addr = *((struct in_addr *)he->h_addr);
    bzero(&(their_addr.sin_zero),8);


    //make connection
    if(connect(sock_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&their_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1){
        perror("connect failed");
        exit(1);
    }
    
    sleep(5);

    //send message to server
    if(send(sock_fd,buf,strlen(buf),0) == -1){
        perror("send failed");
        exit(1);
    }
    
    sleep(5);

    //accept info from server
    if((numbytes = recv(sock_fd,buf,100,0)) == -1){
        perror("recv failed");
        exit(1);
    }
    printf("recv: %s\n",buf);
    
    close(sock_fd);
    return 0;
}


/* vim: set expandtab ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 tw=100: */

编译：

gcc server.c -o server

gcc client.c -o client

运行:

./server

./client localhost 5001

结果:

-----Server-----

Server is running

buff=hello world

----Client-----

recv: hello world