Java核心技术（多线程）四

同步器

java.util.concurrent包包含了几个能帮助人们管理相互合作的线程集的类。这些机制具有为线程之间的共用集结点模式提供的"预置功

能"。

CyclicBarrier类：允许线程集等待直至其中预订数目的线程到达一个公共障栅，然后可以选择执行一个处理障栅的动作。CyclicBarrier类是可循环的，可以在所有等待线程被释放后被重用。

public class CyclicBarrierDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { new CyclicBarrierDemo(); } public CyclicBarrierDemo() { barrier = new CyclicBarrier(barrierSize, new BarrierThread()); for (int i = 0; i < barrierSize; i++) { new Thread(new PreThread(i)).start(); } } private static CyclicBarrier barrier = null; private int barrierSize = 5; class PreThread implements Runnable { public PreThread(int count) { this.count = count; } public void run() { try { while (true) { System.out.println("count:" + count); barrier.await(); Thread.sleep(1000); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private int count = 0; } class BarrierThread implements Runnable { public void run() { System.out.println("All threads have arrived!Do somethig!"); } } } 

 

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CountDownLatch类：允许线程集等待直到计数器减为0。

public class CountDownLatchDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { new CountDownLatchDemo(); } public CountDownLatchDemo() { downLatch = new CountDownLatch(downLatchSize); for (int i = 0; i < downLatchSize; i++) { new Thread(new PreWaitThread(i)).start(); } for (int i = 0; i < downLatchSize; i++) { new Thread(new PreCutThread()).start(); } } private static CountDownLatch downLatch = null; private int downLatchSize = 5; class PreCutThread implements Runnable{ public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } downLatch.countDown(); } } class PreWaitThread implements Runnable { public PreWaitThread(int count) { this.count = count; } public void run() { try { System.out.println("begin:" + count); downLatch.await(); System.out.println("end:" + count); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private int count = 0; } }

 

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Exchanger类：允许两个线程在要交换的对象准备好时交换对象(两个线程工作在同一数据结构的两个实例上时，一个向实例添加数据而另一个从实例清除数据)。

SynchronousQueue类：允许一个线程把对象交给另一个线程。当一个线程调用SynchronousQueue类的put方法时，它会阻塞数据直到另一个线程调用take方法为止。与Exchanger类情况不同，数据仅仅沿一个方向传递。

public class ExchangerDemo { public static void main(String[] args){ new ExchangerDemo(); } public ExchangerDemo() { exchanger = new Exchanger<ArrayList<Double>>(); produceArrayList = new ArrayList<Double>(size); consumerArrayList = new ArrayList<Double>(size); new Thread(new Produce()).start(); try { Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } new Thread(new Consumer()).start(); } private Exchanger<ArrayList<Double>> exchanger; private ArrayList<Double> produceArrayList; private ArrayList<Double> consumerArrayList; private final int size = 10; class Produce implements Runnable{ public void run() { while(true){ if(produceArrayList.size() == 10){ try { System.out.println("生产者等待消费!"); produceArrayList = exchanger.exchange(produceArrayList); sign = !sign; } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }else{ double d = Math.random(); System.out.println("生产者生产：" + d); produceArrayList.add(d); try { Thread.sleep(sign?400:100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } private boolean sign = false; } class Consumer implements Runnable{ public void run() { while(true){ if(!consumerArrayList.isEmpty()){ double d = consumerArrayList.remove(consumerArrayList.size()-1); System.out.println("消费者消费：" + d); try { Thread.sleep(200); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }else{ try { System.out.println("消费者等待生产!"); consumerArrayList = exchanger.exchange(consumerArrayList); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } } }

 

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Semaphore类：允许线程集等待直到被允许继续运行为止。

public class SemaphoreDemo extends JFrame{ public static void main(String[] args){ EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable(){ public void run() { new SemaphoreDemo().setVisible(true); } }); } public SemaphoreDemo() { setSize(WIDTH, HEIGHT); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); JPanel panel = new JPanel(); JButton button = new JButton("start"); panel.add(button); add(panel, BorderLayout.NORTH); component = new BallComponent(); add(component, BorderLayout.CENTER); final Thread thread = new Thread(ballThread = new BallThread(new Ball(), component)); button.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { JButton button = (JButton)event.getSource(); if(button.getText().equals("start")){ button.setText("stop"); thread.start(); }else if(button.getText().equals("stop")){ button.setText("continue"); ballThread.setStop(); }else{ button.setText("stop"); ballThread.setRun(); } } }); } class BallThread implements Runnable{ public BallThread(Ball ball, BallComponent ballComponent) { this.ball = ball; this.ballComponent = ballComponent; semaphore = new Semaphore(1); } public void setRun(){ run = true; semaphore.release(); } public void setStop(){ run = false; } public void run() { while(true){ ball.move(ballComponent.getBounds()); ballComponent.setBall(ball); if(run){ try { Thread.sleep(10); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }else{ try { semaphore.acquire(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } private Ball ball; private BallComponent ballComponent; private Semaphore semaphore; private volatile boolean run = true; } class BallComponent extends JComponent{ public void setBall(Ball ball){ this.ball = ball; repaint(); } public void paintComponent(Graphics g){ super.paintComponent(g); Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g; if(ball != null && ball.getShape()!=null) g2.fill(ball.getShape()); } private Ball ball; } class Ball{ public void move(Rectangle2D bounds){ x += dx; y += dy; if(x<bounds.getMinX()){ x = bounds.getMinX(); dx = -dx; } if(x + XSIZE >= bounds.getMaxX()){ x = bounds.getMaxX() - XSIZE; dx = -dx; } if(y<bounds.getMinY()){ y = bounds.getMinY(); dy = -dy; } if(y+YSIZE>=bounds.getMaxY()){ y=bounds.getMaxY() - YSIZE; dy = -dy; } } public Ellipse2D getShape(){ return new Ellipse2D.Double(x, y, XSIZE, YSIZE); } private static final int XSIZE = 15; private static final int YSIZE = 15; private double x = 0; private double y = 0; private double dx = 1; private double dy = 1; } private static final int WIDTH = 500; private static final int HEIGHT = 400; private BallComponent component; private BallThread ballThread; }