Nginx 中主配置文件 nginx.conf 的解析
1. nginx.conf 文件的基本内容
user root;
worker_processes 1;
error_log logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 512321;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
# 网站日志
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
2. 内容解析
2.1 核心模块
user root; | 执行 nginx 的用户 |
---|---|
worker_processes 1; | 启动的 worker 进程数量 (CPU 数量一致或 auto) |
error_log logs/nginx_error.log crit; | 设置错误日志 |
pid nginx.pid; | 进程号 |
worker_rlimit_nofile 512321; | 指定此进程可以打开的最大文件描述符的值 |
2.2 事件驱动模块
worker_connections 1024; | 同一个进程工作允许的连接数 |
---|
2.3 http 网站模块
worker_connections 1024; | 同一个进程工作允许的连接数 |
---|---|
include mime.types; | 包含 MIME 映射 |
default_type application/octet-stream; | 默认处理类型 |
default_type application/octet-stream; | 默认处理类型 |
$remote_addr | 远程访问地址, 客户端的 IP 地址 |
$remote_user | 远程访问用户, 客户端的用户名称 |
$time_local | 本地时间, 服务器自身时间 |
$request | 请求方法, 请求的 url 以及 http 协议 |
$status | http 请求状态 |
$body_bytes_sent | body 标签发给客服端的字节数 |
$http_referer | 引用 (记录该页面是从哪个页面链接访问过来的, 超链接) |
$http_user_agent | 客户点浏览器的相关信息 |
$http_x_forwarded_for | 代理 IP |
server | 默认网站配置文件, 虚拟主机 (虚拟主机有几个就有几个 server) |
listen 80; | 端口 |
server_name localhost; | 域名 |
charset koi8-r; | 网页字符类型 |
access_log logs/host.access.log main; | 网站日志 |
location / {} | 网站的根目录 |
root html; | 相对安装路径的地方 |
index index.html index.htm; | 主页引用的文件 |
error_page 404 /404.html; | 错误页面, http 访问码, url 路径 |
location = /50x.html { root html; } | 出现相应错误指向指定页面 |