C++ Primer plus 第十章

前言

终于到了类（QAQ）

10.1 2 3

代码

//头文件：stock00.h 
//类声明
#pragma once
#ifndef STOCK00_H_
#define STOCK00_H_

#include <string>
using namespace std;

//Stock类声明，Stock类创建的每一个对象表示一支股票
//将数据和方法组合为一个单元是类的一个重要特性
class Stock
{
//访问控制关键字 public private protected
//公有
public:
    //方法原型，类方法可以访问private组件
	void acquire(const string & co, long n, double pr);
	void buy(long num, double price);
	void sell(long num, double price);
	void update(double price);
	void show();

//私有  面向对象OOP主要的目标之一：隐藏数据，所以数据成员一般在private中定义
//可省略关键字private，class类默认的访问控制类型，struct结构默认的为public
private:
	string company;//字符串变量  公司名
	long shares;//长整型  股票数
	double share_val;//浮点型   每股的价格
	double total_val;  //股票总价格
	
	//股票总价格 = 股票数  * 每股的价格
	void set_tot() {total_val = shares * share_val;} 
};


#endif // !STOCK00_H_

//stock00.cpp 定义类成员函数
#include <iostream>
#include "stock00.h"//包含头文件用双引号

//使用作用域解析运算符（：：）指出函数所属的类
//acquire函数属于Stock类
void Stock::acquire(const string& co, long n, double pr)
{
	company = co;
	if (n < 0)
	{
		cout << "Number of shares can not be negative; "
			<< company << " shares set to 0.\n";
		shares = 0;
	}
	else
	{
		shares = n;
	}

	share_val = pr;
	set_tot();
}

void Stock::buy(long num, double price)
{
	if (num<0)
	{
		cout << "Number of shares purchased can not be negative. "
			<< "Transaction is aborted.\n";
	}
	else
	{
		shares += num;
		share_val = price;
		set_tot();
	}
}

void Stock::sell(long num, double price)
{
	if (num<0)
	{
		cout << "Number of shares sold can not be negative. "
			<< "Transaction is aborted.\n";
	}
	else if (num > shares)
	{
		cout << "You can not sell more than you have! ";
	}
	else
	{
		shares -= num;
		share_val = price;
		set_tot();
	}
}

void Stock::update(double price)
{
	share_val = price;
	set_tot();
}

void Stock::show()
{
	cout << "Company: " << company
		<< " Shares: " << shares << '\n'
		<< " Share Price: $" << share_val
		<< " Total Worth: $" << total_val << endl;
}

//usestock.cpp 使用类，实例化一个类，调用类函数
#include <iostream>
#include "stock00.h"//包含头文件，用双引号

int main()
{
	Stock fluffy_the_cat;//创建类实例
	fluffy_the_cat.acquire("NanoSmart", 20, 12.50);
	fluffy_the_cat.show();
	fluffy_the_cat.buy(15, 18.125);
	fluffy_th