【期末复习】阿金的英语课

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-11 23:01:56 发布

YOLO1019

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-11 23:01:56 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/YOLO1019/article/details/135274536

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考验我临时记忆能力的时候又到了

按考试结构和阿金给的复习指南

一共是五个大块总分150 阿金说最后会给各部分赋予权重....会捞的吧

PART1 词汇

这部分词汇来源主要是ppt和视频（guidance：Review TOEFL vocaabs）

个人认为期中考原题（第一题考过的单词）会再重现一些

A.	interpret	B.	intangible	C.	chassis	D.	advice
E.	digital	F.	cache	G.	architect	H.	engineering
I.	administrate	J.	centralize	K.	tangible	L.	colloquial
M.	digitize	N.	decentralize	O.	worthless	P.	advise
Q.	every day	R.	provision	S.	disable	T.	everyday
U.	terms of use	V.	extreme	W.	characterize	X.	tedious
Y.	telecommute	Z.	climb

单词汇总
英	中	例
interpret	解释或理解某事物的意义
intangible	无法触摸的，非物质的
chassis	机箱
digital	数字化
cache	缓存
architect	设计建筑物和结构的专业人员
engineering	将科学和数学原理应用于设计和建造结构、机器和系统
administrate	管理或监督某事物的运作
centralize	将权力或控制集中在一个中心组织或团体下
tangible	可以触摸或感觉到的；可以通过触摸感知的
colloquial	非正式的、口语的或日常用语的
digitize	将模拟信息转换为数字格式
disproportionately
telecommute	-使用远程通信技术远程工作或从办公室以外的地点工作
characterize	- 描述或描绘某事物的独特特征或品质
tedious	- 无聊的，单调乏味的，耗时的
provision	- 法律文件或协议中的条件或要求

PART2 Structure and Written Expression

这部分会考一些基础语法，靠着老底苟过去吧...能拿多少拿多少

期中例题：选出错误的

很明显选D,advice不可数

A；"architecture"是用作名词，表示一种事物的结构和组织方式。"architectural"是用作形容词，表示与建筑或设计有关的。因为这个句子想要描述的是云图的一个结构，所以应该使用"architecture"这个名词，而不是"architectural"这个形容词。

PART3 Multiple Choice and True False Questions

IaaS、PaaS、SaaS的定义

1.基础设施即服务

(IaaS ：Infrastructure as a Service)

提供给使用者的功能是配置处理、储存、网络和其他基础计算资源，以便使用者能够部署和运行包括操作系统和应用程序在内的任意软件。

使用者并不管理或控制底层云物理基础结构。但拥有对操作系统、存储和已部署应用程序的控制权，还可能拥有对选择网络组件的优先控制权。

2.平台即服务

(PaaS：Platform as a Service）

提供给使用者的功能是将使用者创建或获得的应用程序部署到云基础结构中，这些应用程序是使用提供商支持的编程语言和工具创建的。

使用者并不管理或控制底层云基础结构，这包括网络、服务器、操作系统或存储，但拥有对已部署应用程序的控制权，还可能拥有应用程序宿主环境配置控制权。

3.软件即服务

(SaaS：Software as a Service)

提供给使用者的功能是使用提供商提供的在云基础结构中运行的应用程序。可通过web浏览器等客户端接口从客户端设备访问这些应用程序（例如基于web的电子邮件）。

使用者并不管理或控制底层云基础结构，这包括网络、服务器、操作系统、存储，甚至包括个别应用程序，但可能不包括提供商定义的特定于用户的应用程序配置设置。

IaaS、PaaS、SaaS的区别

SaaS 是软件的开发、管理、部署都交给第三⽅，不需要关⼼技术问题，可以拿来即⽤。普通⽤户接触到的互联⽹服务，⼏乎都是 SaaS。例如：

客户管理服务 Salesforce

团队协同服务 Google Apps

储存服务 Box

储存服务 Dropbox

社交服务 Facebook / Twitter / Instagram 脸书/推特/Ins

PaaS 提供软件部署平台（runtime），抽象掉了硬件和操作系统细节，可以⽆缝地扩展（scaling）。开发者只需要关注⾃⼰的业务逻辑，不需要关注底层。例如：

Heroku

Google App Engine

OpenShift

IaaS 是云服务的最底层，主要提供⼀些基础资源。它与 PaaS 的区别是，⽤户需要⾃⼰控制底层，实现基础设施的使⽤逻辑。例如：

Amazon EC2

Digital Ocean

RackSpace Cloud

【形象的⽐喻】：

如果你想要建⽴⼀个⽹站。不采⽤云服务，你所需要的投⼊⼤概是：买服务器，安装服务器软件，编写⽹站程序。

如果你采⽤IaaS服务，那么意味着你就不⽤⾃⼰买服务器了，随便在哪家购买虚拟机，但是还是需要⾃⼰装服务器软件；

⽽如果你采⽤PaaS的服务，那么意味着你既不需要买服务器，也不需要⾃⼰装服务器软件，只需要⾃⼰开发⽹站程序；

如果你再进⼀步，购买某些在线论坛或者在线⽹店的服务,这意味着你也不⽤⾃⼰开发⽹站程序，只需要使⽤它们开发好的程序，⽽且他们会负责程序的升级、维护、增加服务器等，⽽你只需要专⼼运营即可，此即为SaaS。

期中题：

Q32: Which computing machine is more costly? A

A. mainframe (大型电脑的)主机, 中央处理机

B. PC personal computer

C. laptop

D. mini

Q33: Which computing machine is lighter? C

A. mainframe

B. desktop

C. laptop

D. mini

Q34: What piece of equipment was not available in the old computer? C

A. mainboard

B. processor

C. hard drive

D. memory

Q35: What is a floppy disk? A

A. a storage device 储存设备

B. a game software

C. a hard drive

D. an OS

floppy disk 软盘

PART4 Writing: Essay / Short Answer

结构和书面表达部分复习：

系统单元（System Unit）：系统单元是计算机的主要组成部分之一，包括中央处理器（CPU）、内存（RAM）、硬盘驱动器（HD或SSD）等。它负责处理和执行计算机的指令和数据。
中央处理器（CPU）：中央处理器是计算机的核心组件，负责执行计算机程序中的指令。它包括运算单元（ALU）和控制单元（CU），用于执行算术、逻辑操作和控制计算机的各个部分。
图形处理器（GPU）：图形处理器是专门用于处理图形和图像的处理器。它在游戏、图像渲染、视频编辑等应用中起到重要作用，能够高效地处理并显示大量图像数据。
随机存取存储器（RAM）：RAM是计算机中用于临时存储数据和程序的内存。它提供了快速的读写访问速度，但是断电后数据会被清除。
缓存（Cache）：缓存是一种高速存储器，位于CPU和主内存之间。它用于暂时存储最常用的数据和指令，以提高数据访问速度。
机箱（Chassis）：机箱是计算机的外壳，用于保护和支持计算机的内部组件。它通常包括电源、主板、硬盘驱动器和扩展卡插槽等。
硬盘驱动器 VS 固态硬盘（HD VS Solid State Drive）：硬盘驱动器和固态硬盘都是用于存储数据的设备。硬盘驱动器使用机械旋转的磁盘来存储数据，而固态硬盘使用闪存芯片来存储数据。固态硬盘具有更快的读写速度和更高的可靠性。译文：Both hard drives and solid-state drives are devices that are used to store data. Hard drives use mechanically rotating disks to store data, while solid-state drives use flash memory chips to store data. SSDs have faster read and write speeds and higher reliability.
扩展卡与扩展槽（Expansion card — Expansion slot）：扩展卡是用于扩展计算机功能的插件设备，如图形卡、声卡和网络适配器等。扩展槽是用于安装扩展卡的插槽，通常位于主板上。
总线（Buses）：总线是计算机中不同组件之间传输数据和信号的通道。系统总线包括数据总线、地址总线和控制总线，用于连接CPU、内存和其他核心组件。扩展总线用于连接扩展卡和其他外部设备。译文：A bus is a channel for the transmission of data and signals between different components in a computer. The system bus includes a data bus, an address bus, and a control bus that connects the CPU, memory, and other core components. The expansion bus is used to connect expansion cards and other external devices.

quiz#2&#3

Directions: For questions 1–4, students must answer the question by writing in

the form of the structure of the sentence and meet the identified form of

structure in the question. Each question must have more than one sentence.

1. What are the differences between the ISA slot and PCI slot? Please explain

using at least one comparative word in a sentence.

2. What are the differences between the stack and queue? Please explain using at

least one connector word/phrase in a sentence.

3. What are the differences between the 16-bit width bus and 32-bit width bus?

Please explain using at least one comparative word in a sentence, and using at

least one connector word/phrase in a sentence.

The main difference between the ISA slot and PCI slot lies in their age and compatibility. The ISA slot, an older technology, is becoming obsolete, while the PCI slot, a more modern interface, is widely used today.
The key distinction between a stack and a queue lies in their data retrieval order. A stack follows the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) order, while a queue follows the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) order.
When comparing the 16-bit width bus and the 32-bit width bus, we observe that the latter offers twice the data capacity, allowing for faster and more efficient data transfer. Additionally, the 32-bit width bus provides better compatibility with modern systems, unlike the limited capabilities of the 16-bit width bus.

Directions: For questions 1–4, students must answer the question by writing in

the form of the structure of the sentence and meet the identified form of

structure in the question. Each question must have more than one sentence.

1. 重复

2. What are the differences between the static data structure and dynamic data

structure? Please explain using at least one connector word/phrase in a

sentence.

3. What are the differences between the CPU and GPU? Please explain using at

least one comparative word in a sentence, and using at least one connector

word/phrase in a sentence.

重复
Static data structure has a fixed size and is allocated memory at compile time, while dynamic data structure can change size during runtime and is allocated memory at runtime.
The CPU is designed for general tasks, while the GPU is specialized for graphics processing. The CPU has fewer but more powerful cores, while the GPU has more but less powerful cores.

Directions: For questions 1–4, students must answer the question by writing in

the form of the structure of the sentence and meet the identified form of

structure in the question. Each question must have more than one sentence.

1. What are the differences between the system bus and expansion bus? Please

explain using at least one comparative word in a sentence.

2. What are the differences between the RAM and cache? Please explain using at

least one connector word/phrase in a sentence.

3. What are the differences between the homogeneous array and heterogeneous

array? Please explain using at least one comparative word in a sentence, and

using at least one connector word/phrase in a sentence.

The system bus and expansion bus differ in their purpose and capabilities. The system bus connects the CPU and main memory, while the expansion bus connects peripheral devices. The system bus has a higher bandwidth and speed compared to the expansion bus.
RAM and cache have distinct characteristics. RAM is a larger, slower memory that stores actively used data, while cache is a smaller, faster memory that holds frequently accessed data for quicker retrieval. RAM is volatile, losing its contents when power is off, whereas cache is non-volatile, retaining its data even without power.
Homogeneous arrays and heterogeneous arrays differ in terms of data types and size. A homogeneous array stores elements of the same data type, while a heterogeneous array can store elements of different data types. Homogeneous arrays have a fixed size, while heterogeneous arrays can vary in size.

Directions: For questions 1–4, students must answer the question by writing in

the form of the structure of the sentence and meet the identified form of

structure in the question. Each question must have more than one sentence.

1. What are the differences between the 1-dimensional array and 2-dimensional

array? Please explain using at least one comparative word in a sentence.

2. What are the differences between the desktop chassis and tower chassis?

Please explain using at least one connector word/phrase in a sentence.

3. What are the differences between the dual-core CPU and GPU? Please explain

using at least one comparative word in a sentence, and using at least one

connector word/phrase in a sentence.

The 1-dimensional array and 2-dimensional array differ in their data organization. While a 1-dimensional array stores data in a single row or column, a 2-dimensional array organizes data in rows and columns forming a grid-like structure.
The desktop chassis and tower chassis have distinct differences. The desktop chassis is designed to sit horizontally on a desk, whereas the tower chassis stands vertically on the floor, providing more expansion options due to its larger size.
The dual-core CPU and GPU can be compared in terms of their functionality. While a dual-core CPU focuses on processing tasks related to general computing, a GPU specializes in handling graphics-intensive operations. Additionally, the dual-core CPU acts as the brain of a computer system, while the GPU functions as a dedicated processor for rendering high-quality visuals.

Directions: For questions 1–4, students must answer the question by writing in

the form of the structure of the sentence and meet the identified form of

structure in the question. Each question must have more than one sentence.

1. 重复

2. What are the differences between the data bus and address bus? Please

explain using at least one connector word/phrase in a sentence.

3. What are the differences between the optical disk drive (for CD/DVD) and

magnetic disk drive (for floppy disk)? Please explain using at least one

comparative word in a sentence, and using at least one connector word/phrase

in a sentence.

重复
The differences between the data bus and address bus can be explained as follows: The data bus transfers data between the CPU and memory or peripherals, while the address bus carries memory addresses.
The optical disk drive (for CD/DVD) differs from the magnetic disk drive (for floppy disk) in the following ways: The optical disk drive uses lasers for data reading and writing, providing larger storage capacity and faster access times. In contrast, the magnetic disk drive uses a magnetic head, offering lower storage capacity and slower access times.

Directions: For questions 1–4, students must answer the question by writing in

the form of the structure of the sentence and meet the identified form of

structure in the question. Each question must have more than one sentence.

1. 重复

2. What are the differences between the onboard cache and CPU cache? Please

explain using at least one connector word/phrase in a sentence.

3. 重复

1. 重复

2. The onboard cache and CPU cache differ in their location. The onboard cache is located on the motherboard, while the CPU cache is built directly into the CPU itself, providing faster access to frequently used instructions and data.
3. 重复