python3_basic

• print

print("hello")
print(a)
print("hello"+a)

• variable 
  • string with functions
  • number with functions
  • boolean
• input("enter a name: ")

int(input("enter a num: "))
float(input("enter a num: "))

• list_mutable

# format
friend = ["mary", "mick", "bob", "helen", "hery"]
friend2 = ["jack", "rose"]

# print
print(friend)
print(friend[0])
print(friend[0:])
print(friend[:3])
print(friend[0:2])
print(friend[0:3:1])

# function
friend.append("jack")
friend.extend(friend2)
friend.insert(2, "jim")
friend.remove("mary")
friend.clear()

• tuple_unmuatable

# format
coordinate = (0.1, 0.5)

# print
print(coordinate[0])
print(coordinate.index(0.5)

• function

def say_hi(name, age):
    print("hello "+ name + " you are "+ str(age))
say_hi("yujing",30)        # call function, no return value

def cube(num):
    return num*num*num        # return value
result=cube(3)        # call function
print(result)

• if statement (True or False)

def max_num(num1, num2, num3):
    if num1>=num2 and num1>=num3:
        return num1
    elif num2>=num1 and num2>=num3:
        return num2
    else:
        return num3
print(max_num(333, 33, 3))

num1 = float(input("enter the first number "))
op = input("enter the operator ")
num2 = float(input("enter the second number "))
if op == "+":
    print(num1 + num2)
elif op == "-":
    print(num1 - num2)
elif op == "*":
    print(num1 * num2)
elif op == "/":
    print(num1 / num2)
else:
    print("invalid operator")

• dictionary key:value

convertMonth = {"jan":"janurary", "Feb":"Feberary", "Mar":"March", "Apr":"April", "May":"May"}
print(convertMonth)
print(convertMonth["jan"])
print(convertMonth.get("jan"))
print(convertMonth.get("luv", "invalid month"))

• while loop

i = 1
while i<=10:
    print(i)
    i += 1
print("done the loop")
secret_word = "giraffe"
guess_word = ""
guess_count = 0
guess_limit = 3
out_of_guess = False
while guess_word != secret_word and not out_of_guess:
    if guess_count < guess_limit:
        guess_word = input("Enter guess word ")
        guess_count += 1
    else:
        out_of_guess = True
if out_of_guess:
    print("out of guess, you lost!")
else:
    print("you win!")

• for loop

friends = ["jim", "mary", "jack", "john"]
for index in range(len(friends)):   
    if index == 0:
        print("the first iteration. and it is " + friends[index])
    else:
        print("it is not the first iteration.")
# range(10)     0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
# range(3, 10)      3,4,5,6,7,8,9
# len(friends)      4

def raise_to_power(base_num, pow_num):
    result = 1
    for index in range(pow_num):
        result *= base_num
    return result
print(raise_to_power(2, 4))

# translator vowers to G/g
def translator(phrase):
    translation = ""        # 存放new string
    for letter in phrase:
        if letter.lower() in "aeiou":
            if letter.isupper():
                translation += "G"
            else:
                translation += "g"
        else:
            translation += letter
    return translation
print(translator(input("Enter a phrase: ")))

• 2D lists & nested loops

number_grid = [
    [1, 2, 3],
    [4, 5, 6],
    [7, 8, 9],
    [0]
]

for row in number_grid:
    for col in row:
        print(col)

•  comments

# this a comment

# print("hello, python")

• try except

# error treatment
try:        # normal code block

    answer = 10 / 0

    result = int(input("Enter a number: "))

    print(result)

except ValueError as err:   # specific error

    print(err)

except ZeroDivisionError:   # specific error

    print("divided by zero.")

except:             # error

    print("there is an error in program.")

• read & write

# read file
students = open("students_record", "r")     # open file
print(students.readable())      # 判断是否是可读模式
print(students.read())      # 读取其中内容
print(students.readlines())     # 读取其中内容，以list输出
print(students.readlines()[1])      # 读取某一行的内容
for student in students.readlines():    # 按行读取其中内容
    print(student)
students.close()        # close file

# append 
students = open("students_record", "a")     # append content on file
students.write("tobby - 49")
students.write("\namy - 66\n")      # 需要添加"\n"以换行
students.close()

# write
students = open("students_record", "w")     # overwite on exist file or create a new file
students.write("tobby - 49")        
students.close()

• module & pip?
• 类和对象

class question:
    def __init__(self, prompt, answer):     # 初始化对象
        self.prompt=prompt
        self.answer=answer

# 建立多项选择实验

from template import question

questions=[
    question("what's the color of banana?\na.red\nb.yellow\nc.green\n", "b"),   # 实例化对象a
    question("what's the color of apple?\na.red\nb.yellow\nc.green\n", "a")     # 实例化对象b
]

score=0
for question in questions:      # 遍历list
    answer=input(question.prompt)
    if question.answer==answer:
        score+=1

print("you get "+str(score)+"/"+str(len(questions))+" correction")

• 对象函数

class student:
    def __init__(self, name, gpa, score):     # 初始化对象
        self.name=name
        self.gpa=gpa
        self.score=score
    
    def honor(self):
        if(self.gpa>=3.5):
            return True
        else:
            return False 

from template import student

student1=student("Mary", 3.1, 80)
student2=student("Jack", 3.9, 92)

if (student1.honor()):
    print(student1.name+" has an honor.")
else:
    print(student1.name+" doesn't have an honor.")

• 类继承

class chef:    # 基类
    def make_salad(self):
        print("the chef can makes salad.")

    def make_stake(self):
        print("the chef can makes stake.")

    def make_special_dish(self):
        print("the chef can makes bbq.")   

from template import chef

class chinesechef(chef):    # 派生类 chinesechef继承了chef的属性
    def make_special_dish(self):        # 方法重写。overwrite基类的方法
        print("the chef can makes fried_rice.")
    def make_orange_chicken(self):
        print("the chef can makes orange_chicken")

from test2 import chinesechef
from template import chef

chef1=chef()
chef2=chinesechef()
chef1.make_salad()
chef1.make_special_dish()
chef2.make_salad()
chef2.make_special_dish()
chef2.make_orange_chicken()

•  python interpreter