#99 Recover Binary Search Tree

Description

You are given the root of a binary search tree (BST), where the values of exactly two nodes of the tree were swapped by mistake. Recover the tree without changing its structure.

Examples

Example 1:

Input: root = [1,3,null,null,2]
Output: [3,1,null,null,2]
Explanation: 3 cannot be a left child of 1 because 3 > 1. Swapping 1 and 3 makes the BST valid.

Example 2:

Input: root = [3,1,4,null,null,2]
Output: [2,1,4,null,null,3]
Explanation: 2 cannot be in the right subtree of 3 because 2 < 3. Swapping 2 and 3 makes the BST valid.

Constraints:
The number of nodes in the tree is in the range [2, 1000].
$-2^{31}$ <= Node.val <= $2^{31}-1$

Follow up: A solution using O(n) space is pretty straight-forward. Could you devise a constant O(1) space solution?

思路

最开始的思路肯定就是我顺着来一遍，然后正确排序，再重新来一遍进行赋值。

后来看了下速度比较快的方法，还是要用递归，中间的循环体产生的原因应该是，题目中明确表明了只有2个元素有问题，那么也就是只有2个元素不满足 prev < current 的条件，那需要交换的就是第一个不满足条件的prev和第二个不满足条件的current

代码

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public void recoverTree(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> route = new ArrayList<>();
        
        Stack<TreeNode> ts = new Stack();
        TreeNode save = root;
        
        while (true){
            while (root != null){
                ts.push(root);
                root = root.left;
            }
            
            if (ts.size() == 0)
                break;
            
            root = ts.pop();
            route.add(root.val);
            root = root.right;
        }
        
        Collections.sort(route);
        root = save;
        int i = 0;
        while (true) {
            while (save != null) {
                ts.push(save);
                save = save.left;
            }
            
            if (ts.size() == 0)
                return;
            save = ts.pop();
            save.val = route.get(i);
            i++;
            save = save.right;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    TreeNode prev = new TreeNode((int) Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
    TreeNode first = null;
    TreeNode second = null;
        
    public void recoverTree(TreeNode root) {
        inorder(root);
        int temp = first.val;
        first.val = second.val;
        second.val = temp;
    }
    
    public void inorder(TreeNode root){
        if(root==null) 
        	return;
        inorder(root.left);
        
        if(first == null && prev.val > root.val)
            first = prev;
        
        if(first != null && prev.val > root.val)
            second = root;
        prev = root;
        
        inorder(root.right);
    }
}