#8 String to Integer (atoi)

Description

Implement atoi which converts a string to an integer.

The function first discards as many whitespace characters as necessary until the first non-whitespace character is found. Then, starting from this character, takes an optional initial plus or minus sign followed by as many numerical digits as possible, and interprets them as a numerical value.

The string can contain additional characters after those that form the integral number, which are ignored and have no effect on the behavior of this function.

If the first sequence of non-whitespace characters in str is not a valid integral number, or if no such sequence exists because either str is empty or it contains only whitespace characters, no conversion is performed.

If no valid conversion could be performed, a zero value is returned.

Note:

• Only the space character ’ ’ is considered as whitespace character.
• Assume we are dealing with an environment which could only store integers within the 32-bit signed integer range: [−2³¹, 2³¹ − 1]. If the numerical value is out of the range of representable values, INT_MAX (2³¹ − 1) or INT_MIN (−2³¹) is returned.

Examples

Example 1:

Input: “42”
Output: 42

Example 2:

Input: " -42"
Output: -42
Explanation: The first non-whitespace character is ‘-’, which is the minus sign.
Then take as many numerical digits as possible, which gets 42.

Example 3:

Input: “4193 with words”
Output: 4193
Explanation: Conversion stops at digit ‘3’ as the next character is not a numerical digit.

Example 4:

Input: “words and 987”
Output: 0
Explanation: The first non-whitespace character is ‘w’, which is not a numerical digit or a +/- sign. Therefore no valid conversion could be performed.

Example 5:

Input: “-91283472332”
Output: -2147483648
Explanation: The number “-91283472332” is out of the range of a 32-bit signed integer.
Thefore INT_MIN (−2³¹) is returned.

题目解析

其实就是ascII_to_integer，给一串字符串，提取第一串非空格且非正负号的数字串然后进行输出，如果碰到了非数字字符，就停下来不继续往下读取了
注意点：

• 前置0需要去除，且可能会有不止一个前置0
• 第一个非空格的字符可能是‘-’也可能是‘+’
• 可能会出现空字符串、空格字符串、带正负号的字符串等等等等各种奇妙情况，需要都考虑到

代码

class Solution {
    public int myAtoi(String str) {
        str = str.trim();
        if(str.length() == 0)
            return 0;
        int flag = 1, i, res;
        if(str.charAt(0) == '-'){
            flag = -1;
            str = str.substring(1, str.length());
        }
        else if(str.charAt(0) == '+'){
            str = str.substring(1, str.length());
        }
        if(str.length() == 0)
            return 0;
        while(str.length() != 0 && str.charAt(0) == '0'){
            str = str.substring(1, str.length());
        }
        if(str.length() == 0)
            return 0;
        for(i = 0; i < str.length() && i < 11; i++){
            if(str.charAt(i) < '0' || str.charAt(i) > '9')
                break;
        }
        str = str.substring(0, i);
        try{
            res = Integer.parseInt(str);
        }catch(Exception e){
            if(i == 0)
                return 0;
            if(flag == 1)
                return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            else
                return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        }
        return flag * res;
    }
}

其他

• java中int型的数据最大值是Integer.MAX_VALUE，最小值是Integer.MIN_VALUE
• 要注意在各种各种各种地方进行字符是否存在的判断
• str.trim()是去除前后的空格
• Math.pow(a, b)是计算a^b用的