c++设计模式—装饰模式

装饰模式：

     装饰模式（Decorator），动态地给一个对象添加一些额外的职责，就是增加功能，装饰模式比生成子类更为灵活。

 

 

Component是定义一个对象接口，可以给这些对象动态地添加职责。ConcreteComponent是定义了一个具体的对象，也可以给这个对象添加一些职责。Decorator，装饰抽象类，继续了Component，从外类来扩展Component类的功能，但对于Component来说，是无需知道Decorator的存在的。至于ConcreteDecorator就是具体的装饰对象，起到给Component添加职责的功能。

 

装饰模式的具体代码：

 

#include<iostream>

#include<string>

usingnamespace std;

 

classComponent

{

public:

       virtual void Operation()=0;

};

 

classConCreteComponent:virtual public Component

{

       void Operation()

       {

              cout<<"具体对象的操作！"<<endl;

       }

};

 

classDecorator:virtual public Component

{

public:

       void setComponent(Component * component)

       {

              this->component=component;

       }

 

       void Operation()

       {

              component->Operation();

 

       }

protected:

       Component * component;

};

 

classConCreteDecoratorA:virtual public Decorator

{

public:

       void Operation()

       {

              Decorator::Operation();

              addedState="new state";

              cout<<"装饰A的状态："<<addedState<<endl;

              cout<<"具体装饰A的操作"<<endl;

       }

protected:

       string addedState;

};

 

classConCreteDecoratorB:virtual public Decorator

{

public:

       void Operation()

       {

              Decorator::Operation();

              AddedBehavior();

              cout<<"具体装饰B的操作"<<endl;

       }

       void AddedBehavior()

       {

              cout<<"B的行为"<<endl;

       }

 

};

 

 

intmain()

{

       ConCreteComponent *pc=newConCreteComponent();

       ConCreteDecoratorA *pd1=newConCreteDecoratorA();

       ConCreteDecoratorB *pd2=newConCreteDecoratorB();

 

       pd1->setComponent(pc);

       pd2->setComponent(pd1);

       pd2->Operation();

       delete pc;

       delete pd1;

       delete pd2;

       return 0;

}

 

运行结果：

 

 

 

总结：

 装饰模式提供了更加灵活的向对象添加职责的方式。可以用添加和分离的方法，用装饰在运行时刻增加和删除职责。装饰模式提供了一种“即用即付”的方
法来添加职责。它并不试图在一个复杂的可定制的类中支持所有可预见的特征，相反，你可以定义一个简单的类，并且用装饰类给它逐渐地添加功能。可以从简单的部件组合出复杂的功能。

 

 

 

 

实例：

 

#include<iostream>

#include<string>

usingnamespace std;

 

classPerson

{

public:

       virtual void show()=0;

};

 

classMan :virtual public Person

{

public:

       Man():name(NULL){}

       Man(string name):name(name){}

       void show()

       {

              cout<<name<<"先生：服装搭配："<<endl;

       }

private:

       string name;

};

 

classWoman : virtual public Person

{

public:

       Woman():name(NULL){}

       Woman(string name):name(name){}

       void show()

       {

              cout<<name<<"女士：服装搭配："<<endl;

       }

private:

       string name;

};

 

classDecorator :virtual public Person

{

public:

       void setComponent(Person * person)

       {

              this->person=person;

       }

       virtual void show()

       {

              if(person!=NULL)

                     person->show();

       }

protected:

       Person * person;

};

 

classDecoratorTs:virtual public Decorator

{

public:

       void show()

       {

              Decorator::show();

              cout<<"   搭配—t恤 "<<endl;

       }

};

 

classDecoratorSk:virtual public Decorator

{

public:

       void show()

       {

              Decorator::show();

              cout<<"   搭配—球鞋 "<<endl;

 

       }

};

 

classDecoratorNk:virtual public Decorator

{

public:

       void Show()

       {

              Decorator::show();

              cout<<"   搭配—牛仔裤 "<<endl;

             

       }

};

 

intmain()

{

       Man * pman=new Man("23k_bug");

       DecoratorTs *pts=new DecoratorTs();

       DecoratorSk *psk=new DecoratorSk();

       DecoratorNk *pnk=new DecoratorNk();

 

       pts->setComponent(pman);

       psk->setComponent(pts);

       pnk->setComponent(psk);

       pnk->Show();

 

       delete pman;

       delete pts;

       delete psk;

       delete pnk;

       return 0;

}