Python编程:从入门到实践(第2版)第七章课后题

第七章

7.1

练习7-1：汽车租赁 　编写一个程序，询问用户要租赁什么样的汽车，并打印 一条消息，下面是一个例子。 Let me see if I can find you a Subaru.

car = input("What kind of car would you like to rent? ")
print(f"Let me see if I can find you a {car}.")

练习7-2：餐馆订位 　编写一个程序，询问用户有多少人用餐。如果超过8位， 就打印一条消息，指出没有空桌；否则指出有空桌。

num_people = int(input("How many people are in your party? "))

if num_people > 8:
    print("Sorry, there are no available tables.")
else:
    print("There are available tables for your party.")

练习7-3：10的整数倍 　让用户输入一个数，并指出该数是否是10的整数倍

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if number % 10 == 0:
    print(f"{number} is a multiple of 10.")
else:
    print(f"{number} is not a multiple of 10.")

7.2

练习7-4：比萨配料
编写一个循环，提示用户输入一系列比萨配料，并在用户输入'quit'时结束循环。每当用户输入一种配料后，都打印一条消息，指出我们会在比萨中添加这种配料。

print("Enter the pizza toppings you want to add.")
print("Enter 'quit' when you are finished.")

while True:
    topping = input("Enter a pizza topping: ")
    if topping == 'quit':
        break
    else:
        print(f"We will add {topping} to the pizza.")

练习7-5：电影票
有家电影院根据观众的年龄收取不同的票价：不到3岁的观众免费；3～12岁的观众收费10美元；超过12岁的观众收费15美元。请编写一个循环，在其中询问用户的年龄，并指出其票价。

while True:
    age = input("Enter your age (enter 'quit' to exit): ")
    if age == 'quit':
        break
    age = int(age)
    if age < 3:
        print("You get in for free!")
    elif age <= 12:
        print("The ticket price is $10.")
    else:
        print("The ticket price is $15.")

练习7-6：三种出路
以不同的方式完成练习7-4或练习7-5，在程序中采取如下做法。

在while循环中使用条件测试来结束循环。

print("Enter the pizza toppings you want to add.")
print("Enter 'quit' when you are finished.")

topping = ''
while topping != 'quit':
    topping = input("Enter a pizza topping: ")
    if topping != 'quit':
        print(f"We will add {topping} to the pizza.")

使用变量active来控制循环结束的时机。

print("Enter the pizza toppings you want to add.")
print("Enter 'quit' when you are finished.")

active = True
while active:
    topping = input("Enter a pizza topping: ")
    if topping == 'quit':
        active = False
    else:
        print(f"We will add {topping} to the pizza.")

使用break语句在用户输入'quit'时退出循环。

print("Enter the pizza toppings you want to add.")
print("Enter 'quit' when you are finished.")

while True:
    topping = input("Enter a pizza topping: ")
    if topping == 'quit':
        break
    else:
        print(f"We will add {topping} to the pizza.")

练习7-7：无限循环
编写一个没完没了的循环，并运行它（要结束该循环，可按Ctrl + C，也可关闭显示输出的窗口）。

while True:
    print("This is an infinite loop!")

7.3

练习7-8：熟食店
创建一个名为sandwich_orders的列表，在其中包含各种三明治的名字，再创建一个名为finished_sandwiches的空列表。遍历列表sandwich_orders，对于其中的每种三明治，都打印一条消息，如"I made your tuna sandwich"，并将其移到列表finished_sandwiches中。所有三明治都制作好后，打印一条消息，将这些三明治列出来。

sandwich_orders = ['tuna', 'ham and cheese', 'turkey', 'pastrami', 'pastrami', 'pastrami']
finished_sandwiches = []

while sandwich_orders:
    current_sandwich = sandwich_orders.pop(0)
    print(f"I made your {current_sandwich} sandwich.")
    finished_sandwiches.append(current_sandwich)

print("\nList of finished sandwiches:")
for sandwich in finished_sandwiches:
    print(sandwich)

 练习7-9：五香烟熏牛肉卖完了
使用为完成练习7-8而创建的列表sandwich_orders，并确保'pastrami'在其中至少出现了三次。在程序开头附近添加这样的代码：打印一条消息，指出熟食店的五香烟熏牛肉（pastrami）卖完了；再使用一个while循环将列表sandwich_orders中的'pastrami'都删除。确认最终的列表finished_sandwiches未包含'pastrami'。

sandwich_orders = ['tuna', 'ham and cheese', 'pastrami', 'turkey', 'pastrami', 'pastrami']
finished_sandwiches = []

print("Sorry, we're out of pastrami.")

while 'pastrami' in sandwich_orders:
    sandwich_orders.remove('pastrami')

while sandwich_orders:
    current_sandwich = sandwich_orders.pop(0)
    print(f"I made your {current_sandwich} sandwich.")
    finished_sandwiches.append(current_sandwich)

print("\nList of finished sandwiches:")
for sandwich in finished_sandwiches:
    print(sandwich)

练习7-10：梦想的度假胜地
编写一个程序，调查用户梦想的度假胜地。使用类似于下面的提示，并编写一个打印调查结果的代码块。

dream_vacation = input("If you could visit one place in the world, where would you go? ")
print(f"Your dream vacation spot is {dream_vacation}.")