MVC与MVVM设计模式理解

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-18 17:34:23 发布

YanceChen2013

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-18 17:34:23 发布

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分类专栏： iOS知识文章标签： mvc mvvm 设计模式

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MVC与MVVM设计模式理解

MVC设计模式

MVC是一种架构模式，M表示Model，V表示视图View，C表示控制器Controller：

Model负责存储、定义、操作数据；
View用来展示给用户，并且和用户进行交互；
Controller是Model和View的协调者，Controller把Model中的数据拿过来给View使用。Controller可以直接与Model和View进行通信，而View不能与Controller直接通信。，当有数据更新时，Model也要与Controller进行通信，这个时候就要用Notification和KVO，这个方式就像发广播一样，Model发信号，Controller设置接收监听信号，当有数据更新是就发信号给Controller，Model和View不能直接通信，这样违背MVC设计原则。View与Controller通信需要利用代理协议的方式，Controller可以直接根据Model决定View的展示。View如果接受响应事件则通过delegate，target-action，block等方式告诉Controller的状态变化。Controller进行业务的处理，然后再控制View的展示。

那这样Model和View就是相互独立的。View只负责页面的展示，Model只是数据的存储，那么也就达到了解耦和重用的目的。
实例：假设苹果根据买iPhone的人给予不同的优惠，学生优惠20%，it民工优惠50%，其他不优惠。

//客户类

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CustomerType) {
    CustomerTypeStudent,
    CustomerTypeiT,
    CustomerTypeOther,
};

@interface Customer : NSObject

@property (nonatomic, assign) CustomerType customerType;

@end

//iPhone类

@interface iPhone : NSObject

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *price;

@end

//VC类

@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, strong) iPhone *iphone;
@property (nonatomic, strong) Customer *customer;

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *lblName;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *lblPrice;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *lblDiscount;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];

    self.title = @"手机优惠";

    self.lblName.text = self.iphone.name;
    self.lblPrice.text = self.iphone.price;

    if (self.customer.customerType == CustomerTypeStudent) {
        self.lblDiscount.text = @"优惠20%";
    }
    else if (self.customer.customerType == CustomerTypeiT) {
        self.lblDiscount.text = @"优惠50%";
    }
    else {
        self.lblDiscount.text = @"没有优惠";
    }
}

@end

MVVM设计模式

MVVM就是帮忙分担一下controller里面的部分业务逻辑。
这里写图片描述
这个时候，controller将不再直接和真实的model进行绑定了，而通过ViewModel,viewModel进而持有真实的Model。
实例：

//新建一个viewModel
//.h文件

@interface viewModel : NSObject

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *price;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *discount;

- (id)initWithCustomer:(Customer *)customer iphone:(iPhone *)iphone;

@end

//.m文件

@interface viewModel ()

@property (nonatomic, strong) iPhone *iphone;
@property (nonatomic, strong) Customer *customer;

@end

@implementation viewModel

- (id)initWithCustomer:(Customer *)customer iphone:(iPhone *)iphone
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        _customer = customer;
        _iphone = iphone;
        [self bindData];
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)bindData
{
    self.name = _iphone.name;
    self.price = _iphone.price;

    if (self.customer.customerType == CustomerTypeStudent) {
        self.discount = @"优惠20%";
    }
    else if (self.customer.customerType == CustomerTypeiT) {
        self.discount = @"优惠50%";
    }
    else {
        self.discount = @"没有优惠";
    }
}

@end

//VC

@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, strong) viewModel *viewModel;

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *lblName;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *lblPrice;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *lblDiscount;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
    self.title = @"手机优惠";

    self.lblName.text = self.viewModel.name;
    self.lblPrice.text = self.viewModel.price;
    self.lblDiscount.text = self.viewModel.discount;

}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}

@end