HCIP-OSPF综合实验

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-25 18:52:40 发布

YangRNa

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-25 18:52:40 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/YangRNa/article/details/147441689

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拓扑图：

需求分析：

需求：

1.R5为ISP，其上只能配置IP地址；R5与其他所有直连设备间均使用公有IP；环回地址为100.1.1.1/32

2.R4设备为企业出口路由器

3.整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分；

4.所有设备均可访问R5的环回；

5.减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保障更新安全;

6.全网可达

分析：

通过在R4上配置NAT以便于企业内部路由器访问外网。

区域划分：172.16.0.0---area0

172.16.1.0---area1

172.16.2.0---area2

172.16.3.0---area3

172.16.4.0---area4

通过ABR上配置缺省路由下发实现访问R5环回。

可以通过配置 OSPF 的特殊区域类型（如 stub 区域、totally stub 区域等）以及路由汇总等方式来实现减少LSA；调整Hello和Dead间隔，确保网络中无环路，避免不必要的路由更新，从而加快收敛；使用OSPF的认证功能，如明文认证或MD5认证，来保障路由更新安全。

实验配置：

1.配置路由器接口IP：

area0区域：

AR4-AR3之间：172.16.0.0/26

AR4-AR6之间：172.16.0.64/26

AR4-AR7之间：172.16.0.128/26

AR4环回：172.16.0.192/26

AR4-AR5之间为公网：100.0.0.0/24

AR5环回：5.5.5.5/24

其余区域如图所示：

AR1:

[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.1.65 26
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.1 26

AR2:

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.2 26
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.1.129 26

AR3;

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.3 26
[r3-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.1.193 26
[r3-Serial3/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.2 26

AR4：

[r4-Serial3/0/0]ip address 100.0.0.4
[r4-Serial4/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.1 26
[r4-Serial4/0/1]ip address 172.16.0.65 26
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.0.129 26
[r4-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.193 26

AR5：

[r5-Serial4/0/0]ip address 100.0.0.5 24
[r5-LoopBack0]ip address 5.5.5.5 24

AR6:

[r6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.2.193 26
[r6-Serial4/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.66 26
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.2.65 26

AR7:

[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.130 26
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.3.2 26
[r7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.3.193 26

AR8:

[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.3.1 26
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.3.65 26
[r8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.3.129 26

AR9:

[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.4.2 26
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.3.66 26
[r9-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.4.65 26

AR10:

[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.4.1 26
[r10-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.4.129 26

AR11:

[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.2.66 26
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.2.1 26
[r11-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.2.129 26

AR12:

[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.2.2 26
[r12-LoopBack0]ip address 10.1.1.1 24
[r12-LoopBack1]ip address 10.2.2.2 24

2.配置OSPF和RIP协议

采用精准宣告：

R1:

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.1.65 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0

R2;

[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.1.2 0.0.0.0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.1.129 0.0.0.0

R3:

[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.1.193 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.1.3 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.2 0.0.0.0

R4:

[r4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.129 0.0.0.0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.65 0.0.0.0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.193 0.0.0.0

R6:

[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.66 0.0.0.0  /区域1
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.2.193 0.0.0.0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.2.65 0.0.0.0  /区域2

R7:

[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.130 0.0.0.0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.3.193 0.0.0.0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.3.2 0.0.0.0

R8:

[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.3.1 0.0.0.0
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.3.129 0.0.0.0
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.3.65 0.0.0.0

R9:

[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.3.66 0.0.0.0
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.4.65 0.0.0.0
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.4.2 0.0.0.0

R10:

[r10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.4.1 0.0.0.0
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.4.129 0.0.0.0

R11:

[r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.2.66 0.0.0.0
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.2.129 0.0.0.0
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.2.1 0.0.0.0

R12:

[r12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.2.2 0.0.0.0
[r12]rip 1
[r12-rip-1]version 2
[r12-rip-1]undo summary
[r12-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0

3.配置双向重发布：

R12：

[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1
[r12]rip 1
[r12-rip-1]import-route ospf 1

4.配置Vlink

R7:

[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]vlink-peer 9.9.9.9

R9;

[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]area 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]vlink-peer 7.7.7.7

测试：

5.配置NAT以访问外网

R4：

[r4]acl 2000
[r4-acl-basic-2000]rule 5 permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.255
[r4-acl-basic-2000]rule 10 permit source 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255
[r4-acl-basic-2000]rule 15 permit source 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255
[r4-acl-basic-2000]rule 20 permit source 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255
[r4-acl-basic-2000]rule 25 permit source 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
[r4-acl-basic-2000]rule 30 permit source 10.2.2.0 0.0.0.255
[r4-acl-basic-2000]rule 35 permit source 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[r4-Serial3/0/0]nat outbound 2000

6.配置缺省路由：

[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 100.0.0.5
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 172.16.0.1
[r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 172.16.0.65
[r7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 172.16.0.129
[r8]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 172.16.3.2
[r9]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 172.16.3.65
[r10]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 172.16.4.2

7.优化

1）配置特殊区域

[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa

测试：

2）LSA汇总；

[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 10.0.0.0 255.255.252.0
[r12]ip route-static 10.0.0.0 22 null0

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0

[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0
[r6]ip route-static 172.16.2.0 24 null0

[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0
[r7]ip route-static 172.16.3.0 24 null0

[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]abr-summary 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0
[r9]ip route-static 172.16.4.0 24 null0

3）缩短计时器：

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf timer hello 5
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf timer hello 5
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf timer hello 5
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf timer hello 5
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf timer hello 5
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf timer hello 5

4）更改网络接口类型

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type p2p 
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2p
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type p2p
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf network-type p2p
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2p
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type p2p
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2p
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf network-type p2p
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2p
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type p2p
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type p2p
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf network-type p2p
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf network-type p2p
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type p2p
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf network-type p2p
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf network-type p2p

5）配置区域认证

[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher obboda1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher obboda1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher obboda1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 2 cipher obboda0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 2 cipher obboda0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 2 cipher obboda0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 2 cipher obboda0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 3 cipher obboda2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 3 cipher obboda2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 3 cipher obboda2
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 4 cipher obboda3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 4 cipher obboda3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 4 cipher obboda3
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 5 cipher obboda4
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 5 cipher obboda4