实验拓扑图:
实验配置思路:
- 配置PC的IP地址和网关
- 配置路由器的接口IP地址
- 想实现千兆GE0/0/0口作为主链路,百兆E0/0/1作为备份链路
- 将GE0/0/0的静态路由优先级改为50,越小越优先
实验摘要重点命令:
[R1]ip route-static 30.3.3.0 24 20.2.2.2 //配置去往30.3.3.0网段的路由
[R1]ip route-static 30.3.3.0 24 21.2.2.2 preference 50 //配置备份链路并把优先级设为50,优先级越小越优先
实验详细配置步骤:
配置PC设备的IP地址
PC1——IP地址信息
IP地址:10.1.1.2
子网掩码:255.255.255.0
网关:10.1.1.1
PC2——IP地址信息
IP地址:10.1.1.3
子网掩码:255.255.255.0
网关:10.1.1.1
PC3——IP地址信息
IP地址:30.3.3.2
子网掩码:255.255.255.0
网关:30.3.3.1
配置路由器接口IP地址
R1——配置接口IP地址
<Huawei>system-view //进入全局配置模式
[Huawei]undo info-center enable //关闭信息告警提示
[Huawei]sysname R1 //改名
[R1]int e0/0/0 //进入接口
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.1 24 //配置IP地址
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0]quit //退出
[R1]int e0/0/1
[R1-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 20.2.2.1 24 //配置IP地址
[R1-Ethernet0/0/1]quit //退出
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 21.2.2.1 24 //配置IP地址
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit //退出
[R1]
R2——配置接口IP地址
<Huawei>system-view //进入全局配置模式
[Huawei]undo info-center enable //关闭信息告警提示
[Huawei]sysname R2 //改名
[R2]int e0/0/0 //进入接口
[R2-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 30.3.3.1 24 //配置IP地址
[R2-Ethernet0/0/0]quit //退出
[R2]int e0/0/1 //进入接口
[R2-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 20.2.2.2 24 //配置IP地址
[R2-Ethernet0/0/1]quit //退出
[R2]int g0/0/0 //进入接口
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 21.2.2.2 24 //配置IP地址
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit //退出
[R2]
配置静态路由
R1——配置静态路由
配置去往30.3.3.0网段的路由
[R1]ip route-static 30.3.3.0 24 20.2.2.2 //配置去往30.3.3.0网段的路由
R2——配置静态路由
配置去往10.1.1.0网段的路由
[R2]ip route-static 10.1.1.0 24 20.2.2.1 //配置去往10.1.1.0网段的路由
测试
PC1——测试是否可以ping通PC3
PC>ping 30.3.3.2 //ping PC2
Ping 30.3.3.2: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 30.3.3.2: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=126 time=125 ms
From 30.3.3.2: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=126 time=78 ms
From 30.3.3.2: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=126 time=78 ms
From 30.3.3.2: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=126 time=63 ms
From 30.3.3.2: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=126 time=78 ms //ping通
--- 30.3.3.2 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 63/84/125 ms
PC>
PC1——查看路由表
新增一条去往30.3.3.0网段的静态路由
[R1]dis ip routing-table //查看路由表
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 9 Routes : 9
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0/0
10.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Ethernet0/0/0
20.2.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 20.2.2.1 Ethernet0/0/1
20.2.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Ethernet0/0/1
21.2.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 21.2.2.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
21.2.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
30.3.3.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 20.2.2.2 Ethernet0/0/1 //去往30.3.3.0网段的静态路由
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
[R1]
配置网络故障
PC1——关掉E0/0/1口
[R1]int e0/0/1 //进入接口
[R1-Ethernet0/0/1]shutdown //关闭接口
[R1-Ethernet0/0/1]quit //退出
[R1]
R1——查看路由表
如果出接口故障出接口故障,那么与该接口相关的直连路由全部消失
如果某路由的下一跳不可达则该路由也会消失
[R1]dis ip routing-table //查看路由表,与20.2.2.0网段的路由都消失了
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 6 Routes : 6
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0/0
10.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Ethernet0/0/0
21.2.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 21.2.2.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
21.2.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
[R1]
恢复网络
R1——开启E0/0/1口
[R1]int e0/0/1 //进入接口
[R1-Ethernet0/0/1]undo shutdown //开启接口
[R1-Ethernet0/0/1]quit //退出
[R1]
配置备份链路
R1——配置备份链路
配置备份链路并把优先级设为50,优先级越小越优先
[R1]ip route-static 30.3.3.0 24 21.2.2.2 preference 50 //配置备份链路并把优先级设为50,优先级越小越优先
R2——配置备份链路
配置备份链路并把优先级设为50,优先级越小越优先
[R2]ip route-static 10.1.1.0 24 21.2.2.1 preference 50 //配置备份链路并把优先级设为50,优先级越小越优先
R1——查看路由表
到达某相同目标网段路由表中始终放置最优路由
[R1]dis ip routing-table //查看路由表
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 9 Routes : 9
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0/0
10.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Ethernet0/0/0
20.2.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 20.2.2.1 Ethernet0/0/1
20.2.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Ethernet0/0/1
21.2.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 21.2.2.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
21.2.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
30.3.3.0/24 Static 50 0 RD 21.2.2.2 GigabitEthernet //最优的静态路由
0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
[R1]
R1——将G0/0/0关闭
[R1]int g0/0/0 //进入接口
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shutdown //关闭接口
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit //退出
[R1]
R1——查看路由表
最优的静态路由down掉,才会出现次优的静态路由
[R1]dis ip routing-table //查看路由表
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 7 Routes : 7
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0/0
10.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Ethernet0/0/0
20.2.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 20.2.2.1 Ethernet0/0/1
20.2.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Ethernet0/0/1
30.3.3.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 20.2.2.2 Ethernet0/0/1 //次优的静态路由
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
[R1]
测试
断开G0/0/0口,看是否还可以正常通信
PC1——测试是否可以ping通PC3
PC>ping 30.3.3.2 //ping PC2
Ping 30.3.3.2: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 30.3.3.2: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=126 time=125 ms
From 30.3.3.2: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=126 time=78 ms
From 30.3.3.2: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=126 time=78 ms
From 30.3.3.2: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=126 time=63 ms
From 30.3.3.2: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=126 time=78 ms //ping 通
--- 30.3.3.2 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 63/84/125 ms
PC>