SaltStack组件之return
return组件可以理解为SaltStack系统对执行Minion返回后的数据进行存储或者返回给其他程序,它支持多种存储方式,比如用MySQL、MongoDB、Redis、Memcache等,通过return我们可以对SaltStack的每次操作进行记录,对以后日志审计提供了数据来源。目前官方已经支持30种return数据存储与接口,我们可以很方便的配置与使用它。当然也支持自己定义的return,自定义的return需由python来编写。在选择和配置好要使用的return后,只需在salt命令后面指定return即可。
[root@master ~]# salt 'node2' sys.list_returners
node2:
- carbon
- couchdb
- etcd
- highstate
- local
- local_cache
- mattermost
- multi_returner
- pushover
- rawfile_json
- slack
- slack_webhook
- smtp
- splunk
- sqlite3
- syslog
- telegram
return流程
return是在Master端触发任务,然后Minion接受处理任务后直接与return存储服务器建立连接,然后把数据return存到存储服务器。关于这点一定要注意,因为此过程都是Minion端操作存储服务器,所以要确保Minion端的配置跟依赖包是正确的,这意味着我们将必须在每个Minion上安装指定的return方式依赖包,假如使用Mysql作为return存储方式,那么我们将在每台Minion上安装python-mysql模块。
使用mysql作为return存储方式
在所有minion上安装Mysql-python
模块
[root@master ~]# salt 'node2' pkg.install python3-mysql
node2:
----------
python3-mysql:
----------
new:
1.4.6-5.el8
old:
部署一台mysql服务器用作存储服务器,此处就直接在192.168.75.142
这台主机上部署
[root@node2 ~]# dnf -y install mariadb-*
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
....
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl enable --now mariadb
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
[root@node2 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE `salt`
-> DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
-> DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> USE `salt`;
Database changed
MariaDB [salt]> --
MariaDB [salt]> -- Table structure for table `jids`
MariaDB [salt]> --
MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `jids`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.004 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `jids` (
-> `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `load` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> UNIQUE KEY `jid` (`jid`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.002 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> --
MariaDB [salt]> -- Table structure for table `salt_returns`
MariaDB [salt]> --
MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_returns`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `salt_returns` (
-> `fun` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
-> `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `return` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `success` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
-> `full_ret` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-> KEY `id` (`id`),
-> KEY `jid` (`jid`),
-> KEY `fun` (`fun`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.003 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> --
MariaDB [salt]> -- Table structure for table `salt_events`
MariaDB [salt]> --
MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_events`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `salt_events` (
-> `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> `tag` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `data` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-> `master_id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
-> KEY `tag` (`tag`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.012 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> grant all on salt.* to salt@'%' identified by 'salt';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_salt |
+----------------+
| jids |
| salt_events |
| salt_returns |
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.000 sec)
配置minion
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
.....此处省略N行
mysql.host: '192.168.75.142'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion
在Master上测试存储到mysql中
[root@master ~]# salt 'node2' test.ping --return mysql
node2:
True
在数据库中查询
MariaDB [salt]> select * from salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
fun: test.ping
jid: 20211107064647433450
return: true
id: node2
success: 1
full_ret: {"success": true, "return": true, "retcode": 0, "jid": "20211107064647433450", "fun": "test.ping", "fun_args": [], "id": "node2"}
alter_time: 2021-11-07 14:47:44
*************************** 2. row ***************************
fun: test.ping
jid: 20211107064709475667
return: true
id: node2
success: 1
full_ret: {"success": true, "return": true, "retcode": 0, "jid": "20211107064709475667", "fun": "test.ping", "fun_args": [], "id": "node2"}
alter_time: 2021-11-07 14:47:44
*************************** 3. row ***************************
fun: test.ping
jid: 20211107064734943018
return: true
id: node2
success: 1
full_ret: {"success": true, "return": true, "retcode": 0, "jid": "20211107064734943018", "fun": "test.ping", "fun_args": [], "id": "node2"}
alter_time: 2021-11-07 14:47:50
3 rows in set (0.000 sec)
job cache
job cache流程
return时是由Minion直接与存储服务器进行交互,因此需要在每台Minion上安装指定的存储方式的模块,比如python-mysql,那么我们能否直接在Master上就把返回的结果给存储到存储服务器呢?
答案是肯定的,这种方式被称作 job cache 。意思是当Minion将结果返回给Master后,由Master将结果给缓存在本地,然后将缓存的结果给存储到指定的存储服务器,比如存储到mysql中。
在master安装python3-PyMySQL
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install python3-PyMySQL
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
开启master端的master_job_cache
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
.....此处省略N行
mysql.host: '192.168.75.142'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion
在数据库服务器中清空表内容
MariaDB [salt]> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_salt |
+----------------+
| jids |
| salt_events |
| salt_returns |
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> delete from salt_returns;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> select * from salt_returns\G
Empty set (0.000 sec)
在master上再次测试能否存储至数据库
[root@master ~]# salt 'node2' cmd.run 'df -h'
node2:
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 340K 1.9G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 9.0M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 17G 3.6G 14G 21% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 179M 836M 18% /boot
tmpfs 376M 0 376M 0% /run/user/0
[root@master ~]#
在数据库中查询
MariaDB [salt]> select * from salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
fun: cmd.run
jid: 20211107065554754710
return: "Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on\ndevtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev\ntmpfs 1.9G 340K 1.9G 1% /dev/shm\ntmpfs 1.9G 9.0M 1.9G 1% /run\ntmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/mapper/rhel-root 17G 3.6G 14G 21% /\n/dev/sda1 1014M 179M 836M 18% /boot\ntmpfs 376M 0 376M 0% /run/user/0"
id: node2
success: 1
full_ret: {"cmd": "_return", "id": "node2", "success": true, "return": "Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on\ndevtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev\ntmpfs 1.9G 340K 1.9G 1% /dev/shm\ntmpfs 1.9G 9.0M 1.9G 1% /run\ntmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/mapper/rhel-root 17G 3.6G 14G 21% /\n/dev/sda1 1014M 179M 836M 18% /boot\ntmpfs 376M 0 376M 0% /run/user/0", "retcode": 0, "jid": "20211107065554754710", "fun": "cmd.run", "fun_args": ["df -h"], "_stamp": "2021-11-07T06:55:55.036048"}
alter_time: 2021-11-07 14:55:55
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [salt]>
job管理
获取任务的jid
[root@master ~]# salt 'node2' cmd.run 'uptime' -v
Executing job with jid 20211107065812511138
-------------------------------------------
node2:
14:58:12 up 45 min, 2 users, load average: 0.11, 0.07, 0.07
[root@master ~]#
通过jid获取此任务的返回结果
[root@master ~]# salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20211107065812511138
node2:
14:58:12 up 45 min, 2 users, load average: 0.11, 0.07, 0.07