[槲寄生小记]6-5 Point类的运算

题目:(CCP-2023-029运算符重载)6-5 Point类的运算

Gowns and heels will not stop me. I will jump into the woods, as I have done this countless times.

礼服与鞋跟不会阻挡我的步伐，我能在林间跳跃，因为我曾经无数次地这么做过。

一, 题目要求:

1.总体要求

1.定义Point类，有坐标x,y两个私有成员变量;

2.对Point类重载“+”（相加）、“-”（相减）和“==”（相等）运算符，实现对坐标的改变，要求用友元函数和成员函数两种方法实现。

3.对Point类重载<<运算符，以使得代码 Point p; cout<<p<<endl;可以输出该点对象的坐标。

2.裁判测试程序样例

/* 请在这里填写答案 */



int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    Point p1(2,3);
    cout<<p1<<endl;
    Point p2(4,5);
    cout<<p2<<endl;
    Point p3 = p1+p2;    
    cout<<p3<<endl;
    p3 = p2-p1;
    cout<<p3<<endl;
    p1 += p2;
    cout<<p1<<endl;
    cout<<(p1==p2)<<endl;
    return 0;
}

3.函数接口定义

实现Point类。

4.输入形式

无

5.输出形式

2,3
4,5
6,8
2,2
6,8
0

6.补充

*根据主函数内容,"+="也需要进行重载(做题时注意不要遗漏)

**"<<",">>"使用友元函数实现,其他使用成员函数实现

***最后一次输出为bool值判断,使用友元

****测试程序未给出头文件,需自己调用!!!

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

二, 题目解析

1.完全体

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Point{
private:
    int x;
    int y;
public:
    Point(){}
    Point(int n,int m){x=n;y=m;}
    friend ostream& operator << (ostream& output, Point& P);
    Point operator+(Point& P);
    Point operator-(Point& P);
    Point operator+=(Point& P);
    friend bool operator==(Point &P1, Point &P2); 
};
Point Point::operator+(Point& P){
    int a,b;
    a=x+P.x;
    b=y+P.y;
    Point *p= new Point(a,b);
    return (*p);
}
Point Point::operator-(Point& P){
    int a,b;
    a=-P.x+x;
    b=-P.y+y;
    Point *p= new Point(a,b);
    return (*p);
}
ostream& operator <<(ostream& output, Point& P){
    output<<P.x<<","<<P.y;
    return output;
}
Point Point::operator+=(Point& P){
    x=x+P.x;
    y=y+P.y;
    return Point(x,y);
}
bool operator==(Point &P1, Point &P2)
{
    if(P1.x==P2.x && P1.y==P2.y)  return 1;
    else  return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    Point p1(2,3);
    cout<<p1<<endl;
    Point p2(4,5);
    cout<<p2<<endl;
    Point p3 = p1+p2;    
    cout<<p3<<endl;
    p3 = p2-p1;
    cout<<p3<<endl;
    p1 += p2;
    cout<<p1<<endl;
    cout<<(p1==p2)<<endl;
    return 0;
}

2.函数答案 

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Point{
private:
    int x;
    int y;
public:
    Point(){}
    Point(int n,int m){x=n;y=m;}
    friend ostream& operator << (ostream& output, Point& P);
    Point operator+(Point& P);
    Point operator-(Point& P);
    Point operator+=(Point& P);
    friend bool operator==(Point &P1, Point &P2); 
};
Point Point::operator+(Point& P){
    int a,b;
    a=x+P.x;
    b=y+P.y;
    Point *p= new Point(a,b);
    return (*p);
}
Point Point::operator-(Point& P){
    int a,b;
    a=-P.x+x;
    b=-P.y+y;
    Point *p= new Point(a,b);
    return (*p);
}
ostream& operator <<(ostream& output, Point& P){
    output<<P.x<<","<<P.y;
    return output;
}
Point Point::operator+=(Point& P){
    x=x+P.x;
    y=y+P.y;
    return Point(x,y);
}
bool operator==(Point &P1, Point &P2)
{
    if(P1.x==P2.x && P1.y==P2.y)  return 1;
    else  return 0;
}

3.分步解析

        1)"<<"的友元重载

类内:

friend ostream& operator << (ostream& output, Point& P);

*注意:友元参数数量=实际参数数量

         成员函数参数数量=实际参数数量-1

类外:

ostream& operator <<(ostream& output, Point& P){
    output<<P.x<<","<<P.y;
    return output;
}

*注意:类内外声明与定义语句差 "friend"

2)"+","-","+="成员函数重载

类内:

    Point operator+(Point& P);
    Point operator-(Point& P);
    Point operator+=(Point& P);

类外:

Point Point::operator+(Point& P){
    int a,b;
    a=x+P.x;
    b=y+P.y;
    Point *p= new Point(a,b);
    return (*p);
}//+
Point Point::operator-(Point& P){
    int a,b;
    a=-P.x+x;
    b=-P.y+y;
    Point *p= new Point(a,b);
    return (*p);
}//-
Point Point::operator+=(Point& P){
    x=x+P.x;
    y=y+P.y;
    return Point(x,y);
}//+=

[需要探讨的问题(以"+"重载为例)]

        "+"重载常见两种代码:

        代码1:

Complex& Complex::operator+(Complex& com){
    com.realPart=realPart+com.realPart;
    com.imgPart=imgPart+com.imgPart;
    return com;
}

        代码2:

Point Point::operator+(Point& P){
    int a,b;
    a=x+P.x;
    b=y+P.y;
    Point *p= new Point(a,b);
    return (*p);

**问题:代码1实际上在进行"+"运算时更改了调用的参数数值

           其功能与"+="一致,但在"+"运算后继续调用此参数会计算出错

**改进:代码2通过新声明两个新变量储存"+"结果,不改变参数的大小

           并通过新声明指针p指向Point(a,b)后返回*p值形成a,b值的返回

        3)"=="重载

类内:

friend bool operator==(Point &P1, Point &P2); 

类外:

bool operator==(Point &P1, Point &P2)
{
    if(P1.x==P2.x && P1.y==P2.y)  return 1;
    else  return 0;
}

**判断字符使用bool,否则return 1将报错

三, 常见问题

1.未调用头文件

9	12	C:\Users\yangx\Desktop\0919C++作业\cumminh.cpp	[Error] 'ostream' does not name a type

2.使用"代码一"进行重载

2,3
4,5
6,8
-2,-3
10,13
0

3.未将"+="重载

51	8	C:\Users\yangx\Desktop\0919C++作业\cumminh.cpp	[Error] no match for 'operator+=' (operand types are 'Point' and 'Point')