三层架构基础了解

（一）图

（二）思路

①实体层类似桥的概念 中间存储需要属性 三层中都必须要引用实体类

②sql 参数分离

public User GetUserByUserName(string username)//传输一个需要查询的名字
{
string sql = "select * from users where username=@username" //用字符注入进行占位;
List<SqlParameter> paras=new List<SqlParameter>();//创建一个参数集合
paras.Add(new SqlParameter("@username",username));//并且把参数注入到oaras中
DataTable dt= SqlHelper.ExecuteTable(sql,paras); //查询一个值，并且将命令与参数链接在一起
User user = null;
if (dt.Rows.Count == 1)
{ //dal层
user = new User();
DataRow row = dt.Rows[0];
user.UserId = Convert.ToInt32(row[0]);
user.UserName = row[1].ToString();
user.Password = row[2].ToString();
}
return user;

}

③每层之间的必须传所需要的对象和参数

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Model;
using BLL;

namespace UI
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private UserService us = new UserService();//创建bll的链接
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{

}

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
User user = new User();//创建名字对象
user.UserName = txtUserName.Text.Trim();//收集
user.Password = txtPassword.Text.Trim();
if (us.CheckUser(user)) //通过返回的值来显示
{
MessageBox.Show("登录成功!"); //UI层
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("登录失败!");
}
}


using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Model;
using DAL;

namespace BLL
{
public class UserService
{
private UserDAO dao = new UserDAO();//创建一个数据访问层公共属性
public bool CheckUser(User user)//判断对象 业务逻辑判断
{
User u = dao.GetUserByUserName(user.UserName) ;//先传入一个值
if (u == null) //对返回的值进行判断
{
return false; //返回空
}
else //bll层
{
return user.Password == u.Password; // 如果等于传入的值，则是true
}
}
}
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Model;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;

namespace DAL
{
public class UserDAO
{

public User GetUserByUserName(string username) //创建实体层中的类 并且传入一个名字值
{
string sql = "select * from users where username=@username";//查询一个名字值
List<SqlParameter> paras=new List<SqlParameter>();//参数集合
paras.Add(new SqlParameter("@username",username));//字符注入
DataTable dt= SqlHelper.ExecuteTable(sql,paras); //命令、参数存储到一个表里
User user = null; //如果没有查到这个名字值 返回一个空
if (dt.Rows.Count == 1)
{ //dal层
user = new User(); //创建一个对象
DataRow row = dt.Rows[0];//取第一个表
user.UserId = Convert.ToInt32(row[0]);//取得参数
user.UserName = row[1].ToString();
user.Password = row[2].ToString();
}
return user;//返回对象

}
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Model
{
public class User //中间 //实体层
{
public int UserId { get; set; }
public string UserName { get; set; }
public string Password { get; set; }
}
}

④应用文件配置 —— 应对数据不断变化

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
<startup>
<supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5" />
</startup>
<connectionStrings>
<add name="ConnStr" connectionString="server=.;database=schooldb;uid=sa;pwd=123"/> //对链接进行配置文件配置
</connectionStrings>
</configuration>

进行添加
1.添加引用 程序集 configuration //进行引用添加
privarte static readonly string 名字=configrationmanager

⑤using添加
ui 对应： using Model; using BLL;
bll 对应：using Model;using DAL
DAL 对应：using Model;
Model 所有层都必须加

⑥命名规范
DAL的类：一个表对应在DAL层有一个数据访问类 表名（单数） + DAO DataAccessObject
BLL的类：表名+ Service

（三）实例

#region
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Model;
using BLL;

namespace UI
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        private UserService us = new UserService();
        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            User user = new User();
            user.UserName = txtUserName.Text.Trim();
            user.Password = txtPassword.Text.Trim();
            if (us.CheckUser(user))
            {
                MessageBox.Show("登录成功!");           //UI层
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("登录失败!");
            }
        }
#endregion

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Model;
using DAL;

namespace BLL
{
    public class UserService
    {
        private UserDAO dao = new UserDAO();
        public bool CheckUser(User user)
        {
            User u = dao.GetUserByUserName(user.UserName);
            if (u == null)
            {
                return false;
            }
            else                              //bll层
            {
                return user.Password == u.Password;
            }
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Model;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;

namespace DAL
{
    public class UserDAO
    {
       
        public User GetUserByUserName(string username)
        {
            string sql = "select * from users where username=@username";
            List<SqlParameter> paras=new List<SqlParameter>();
            paras.Add(new SqlParameter("@username",username));
            DataTable  dt= SqlHelper.ExecuteTable(sql,paras);           
            User user = null;
            if (dt.Rows.Count == 1)
            {                                              //dal层
                user = new User();
                DataRow row = dt.Rows[0];
                user.UserId = Convert.ToInt32(row[0]);
                user.UserName = row[1].ToString();
                user.Password = row[2].ToString();
            }
            return user;
            
        }
    }
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Model
{
    public class User                              //实体层
    {
        public int UserId { get; set; }
        public string UserName { get; set; }
        public string Password { get; set; }
    }
}


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
    <startup> 
        <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5" />
    </startup>
  <connectionStrings>
    <add name="ConnStr" connectionString="server=.;database=schooldb;uid=sa;pwd=123"/>
  </connectionStrings>
</configuration>

添加引用 程序集  configuration 
privarte static readonly string 名字=configrationmanager

引用1：架构开发初步