通过opendir(),lstat(),等函数就可以实现ls -l命令的功能。
下述代码基本复现了 ls - l命令的功能,未能完全复现
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <grp.h>
int dir_info(char *dirname);
int file_info(char *pathname);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if(argc!=2)
{
printf("Please enter a name:\n");
return -1;
}
struct stat buf1;//保存文件信息的结构体
int ret=lstat(argv[1],&buf1);
if(ret == -1)
{
perror("lstat:");
return -1;
}
//判断是否是目录文件
if((buf1.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
{
dir_info(argv[1]);
}
else
file_info(argv[1]);
return 0;
}
//打印目录文件以外的文件信息
int file_info(char *pathname)
{
struct stat buf;//保存文件信息的结构体
int ret=0;
time_t second;//保存最后一次修改时间
ret=lstat(pathname,&buf);
if(ret == -1)
{
perror("file:lstat:");
return -1;
}
//得到文件类型
switch(buf.st_mode & S_IFMT)
{
case S_IFSOCK:printf("s");break;
case S_IFLNK: printf("l");break;
case S_IFREG: printf("-");break;
case S_IFBLK: printf("b");break;
case S_IFDIR: printf("d");break;
case S_IFCHR: printf("c");break;
case S_IFIFO: printf("p");break;
}
//文件权限
int n=8;
for(;n>=0;n--)
{
if(buf.st_mode & (1<<n))
{
switch(n%3)
{
case 0: printf("x");break;
case 1: printf("w");break;
case 2: printf("r");break;
}
}
else
printf("-");
}
//硬链接数
printf(" %ld",buf.st_nlink);
//用户名
printf(" %s",getpwuid(buf.st_uid)->pw_name);
//文件所属组
printf(" %s",getgrgid(buf.st_gid)->gr_name);
//文件字符数
printf(" %ld",buf.st_size);
//最后修改时间
second = buf.st_mtime;
struct tm *Now=localtime(&second);
printf(" %d月",Now->tm_mon+1);
printf(" %d",Now->tm_mday);
printf(" %d:%d",Now->tm_hour,Now->tm_min);
//打印文件名
printf(" %s\n",pathname);
return 0;
}
//打印目录文件信息
int dir_info(char *dirname)
{
DIR *dirp=opendir(dirname);
struct dirent *info=readdir(dirp);
if(info == NULL)
{
perror("readdir:");
return -1;
}
struct stat buf;//保存文件信息的结构体
int ret=0;
time_t second;//保存最后一次修改时间
char filename[1000]={0};
while(info)
{
if(info->d_name[0]=='.')//不显示隐藏文件
{
info=readdir(dirp);
continue;
}
//下列三条语句得到目录文件中的文件路径
strcpy(filename,dirname);
if(filename[strlen(filename)-1]!='/')
filename[strlen(filename)]='/';
strcat(filename,info->d_name);
ret=lstat(filename,&buf);
if(ret == -1)
{
perror("dir:lstat:");
return -1;
}
//得到文件类型
switch(buf.st_mode & S_IFMT)
{
case S_IFSOCK:printf("s");break;
case S_IFLNK: printf("l");break;
case S_IFREG: printf("-");break;
case S_IFBLK: printf("b");break;
case S_IFDIR: printf("d");break;
case S_IFCHR: printf("c");break;
case S_IFIFO: printf("p");break;
}
//文件权限
int n=8;
for(;n>=0;n--)
{
if(buf.st_mode & (1<<n))
{
switch(n%3)
{
case 0: printf("x");break;
case 1: printf("w");break;
case 2: printf("r");break;
}
}
else
printf("-");
}
//硬链接数
printf(" %ld",buf.st_nlink);
//用户名
printf(" %s",getpwuid(buf.st_uid)->pw_name);
//文件所属组
printf(" %s",getgrgid(buf.st_gid)->gr_name);
//文件字符数
printf(" %ld",buf.st_size);
//最后修改时间
second = buf.st_mtime;
struct tm *Now=localtime(&second);
printf(" %d月",Now->tm_mon+1);
printf(" %d",Now->tm_mday);
printf(" %d:%d",Now->tm_hour,Now->tm_min);
//打印文件名
printf(" %s\n",info->d_name);
//得到目录的下一个文件信息
info=readdir(dirp);
}
closedir(dirp);
return 0;
}