文章目录
1. 概要
- 1.枚举类的理解:类的对象只有有限个,确定的。我们称此类为枚举类
- 2.当需要定义一组常量时,强烈建议使用枚举类
- 3.如果枚举类中只有一个对象,则可以作为单例模式的实现方式。
2. 如何定义枚举类?
如何定义枚举类:
- 方式一:jdk5.0之前,自定义枚举类
- 方式二:jdk5.0,可以使用enum关键字定义枚举类
2.1 自定义枚举类
//自定义枚举类
class Season{
//声明Season对象的属性:private final来修饰
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDesc;
//1.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
private Season(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
this.seasonName = seasonName;
this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
}
//3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象:public static final的
public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天","春暖花开");
public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天","夏日炎炎");
public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天","秋高气爽");
public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天","冰天雪地");
//4.其他诉求一:获取枚举类对象的属性
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDesc() {
return seasonDesc;
}
//4.其他诉求二:提供toString()
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Season{" +
"seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
测试代码:
public class SeasonTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Season spring = Season.SPRING;
System.out.println(spring);
}
}
2.2 使用enum关键字定义枚举类
//使用enum关键字枚举类
enum Season1{
//1.提供当前枚举类的多个对象:多个对象之间用","隔开,末尾对象用;结束
SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");
//2.声明Season对象的属性:private final来修饰
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDesc;
//3.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
private Season1(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
this.seasonName = seasonName;
this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
}
//4.其他诉求一:获取枚举类对象的属性
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDesc() {
return seasonDesc;
}
//在enum中不重写toString就默认打印的是枚举类其中的那个对象的名称
//如果有需求,可以重写toString()
//4.其他诉求二:提供toString()
//
// @Override
// public String toString() {
// return "Season1{" +
// "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
// ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
// '}';
// }
}
测试代码:
public class SeasonTest1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Season1 summer = Season1.SUMMER;
System.out.println(summer); //SUMMER
System.out.println(Season1.class.getSuperclass()); //class java.lang.Enum
}
}
3. Enum类的主要方法
Enum类中的常用方法:
- values()方法:返回枚举类型的对象数组。该方法可以很方便地遍历所有的枚举值。
- valueOf(String str):可以把一个字符串转为对应的枚举类对象。要求字符串必须是枚举类对象的“名字”。如不是,会有运行时异常:IllegalArgumentException。
- toString():返回当前枚举类对象常量的名称
public static void main(String[] args) {
Season1 summer = Season1.SUMMER;
//toString():返回枚举类对象的名称
System.out.println(summer.toString()); //SUMMER
System.out.println("***************************");
//values():返回所有的枚举类对象构成的数组
Season1[] values = Season1.values();
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
System.out.println(values[i]);
}
Thread.State[] values1 = Thread.State.values();
for (int i = 0; i < values1.length; i++) {
System.out.println(values1[i]);
}
System.out.println("***************************");
//valueOf(String objName):返回枚举类中对象名是objName的对象。
Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf("WINTER");
//如果没有objName的枚举类对象,则抛异常:IllegalArgumentException
// Season1 winter1 = Season1.valueOf("WINTER1");
System.out.println(winter);
}
4. 使用enum关键字定义的枚举类实现接口的情况
情况一:实现接口,在enum类中实现抽象方法
//接口
interface Info{
void show();
}
//使用enum关键字枚举类
enum Season1 implements Info{
//1.提供当前枚举类的多个对象:多个对象之间用","隔开,末尾对象用;结束
SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");
//2.声明Season对象的属性:private final来修饰
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDesc;
//3.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
private Season1(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
this.seasonName = seasonName;
this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
}
//4.其他诉求一:获取枚举类对象的属性
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDesc() {
return seasonDesc;
}
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("这是一个季节");
}
}
情况二:让枚举类的对象分别实现接口中的抽象方法
//接口
interface Info{
void show();
}
//使用enum关键字枚举类
enum Season1 implements Info{
//1.提供当前枚举类的多个对象:多个对象之间用","隔开,末尾对象用;结束
SPRING("春天","春暖花开"){
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("这是春天");
}
},
SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"){
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("这是夏天");
}
},
AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"){
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("这是秋天");
}
},
WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地"){
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("这是冬天");
}
};
//2.声明Season对象的属性:private final来修饰
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDesc;
//3.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
private Season1(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
this.seasonName = seasonName;
this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
}
//4.其他诉求一:获取枚举类对象的属性
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDesc() {
return seasonDesc;
}
}
测试方法:
public static void main(String[] args) {
Season1 summer = Season1.SUMMER;
//values():返回所有的枚举类对象构成的数组
Season1[] values = Season1.values();
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
values[i].show();
}