了解JSON

1.JSON

1.1 什么是JSON

• JSON(JavaScript Object Notation, JS 对象标记) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式，目前使用特别广泛。
• 采用完全独立于编程语言的文本格式来存储和表示数据。
• 简洁和清晰的层次结构使得 JSON 成为理想的数据交换语言。
• 易于人阅读和编写，同时也易于机器解析和生成，并有效地提升网络传输效率。

1.2 语法格式

• 对象表示为键值对，数据由逗号分隔
• 花括号保存对象
• 方括号保存数组

1.3 JavaScript与JSON的区别

JSON 是 JavaScript 对象的字符串表示法，它使用文本表示一个 JS 对象的信息，本质是一个字符串。

var obj = {a: 'Hello', b: 'World'}; //这是一个对象，注意键名也是可以使用引号包裹的
var json = '{"a": "Hello", "b": "World"}'; //这是一个 JSON 字符串，本质是一个字符串

1.4 JSON 和 JavaScript 对象互转

要实现从JSON字符串转换为JavaScript 对象，使用 JSON.parse() 方法：

var obj = JSON.parse('{"a": "Hello", "b": "World"}');
//结果是 {a: 'Hello', b: 'World'}

要实现从JavaScript 对象转换为JSON字符串，使用 JSON.stringify() 方法：

var json = JSON.stringify({a: 'Hello', b: 'World'});
//结果是 '{"a": "Hello", "b": "World"}'

2. 使用jackson工具

2.1 导入依赖

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.12.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.18</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

2.2 编写配置文件

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--1.注册DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--关联-个springmvc的配置文件: [servlet-name ] -servlet.xml-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--启动级别-1-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <!--/匹配所有的请求: (不包括.jsp)-->
    <!--/*匹配所有的请求; (包括.jsp)-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <!--配置编码过滤器-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.test.controller"/>
    <!--解决json乱码问题-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven>
        <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
                <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
            </bean>
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
                <property name="objectMapper">
                    <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
                        <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </mvc:message-converters>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>
    <!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModeLAndView-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
          id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!--后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

注意：
json乱码解决问题

• 使用注解处理乱码

@RequestMapping(value = "/json",produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")

• 使用springmvc处理json乱码

<mvc:annotation-driven>
    <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
        <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
            <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
        </bean>
        <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
            <property name="objectMapper">
                <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
                    <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
                </bean>
            </property>
        </bean>
    </mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>

2.3 编写实体类

User.java

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String pwd;
}

2.4 编写工具类

JsonUtils.java

public class JsonUtils {
    public static String getDateJSON(Object object) {
        return getDateJSON(object,"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
    }

    public static String getDateJSON(Object object,String dateFormat) {
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        //不使用时间差的方式
        mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);
        //自定义日期格式对象
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(dateFormat);
        //指定日期格式
        mapper.setDateFormat(sdf);
        try {
            return mapper.writeValueAsString(object);
        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

2.4 编写Controller类

@Controller
public class UserController {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/json",produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
    @ResponseBody
    public String json() throws JsonProcessingException {
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        User user = new User(1,"张三","123444");
        String str = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
        return str;
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/json2")
    @ResponseBody
    public String json2() throws JsonProcessingException {
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        User user1 = new User(1,"张三","123444");
        User user2 = new User(2,"李四","123444");
        User user3 = new User(3,"王五","123444");
        User user4 = new User(4,"小六","123444");
        List list = new ArrayList();
        list.add(user1);
        list.add(user2);
        list.add(user3);
        list.add(user4);
        String str = mapper.writeValueAsString(list);
        return str;
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/json3")
    @ResponseBody
    public String json3()  {
        Date date = new Date();
        String str = JsonUtils.getDateJSON(date);
        return str;
    }
}

2.5 启动Tomcat，进行测试

在浏览器中输入：

• http://localhost:8080/json
• http://localhost:8080/json2
• http://localhost:8080/json3

3. 使用Fastjson工具

fastjson 三个主要的类：

• JSONObject 代表 json 对象
• JSONArray 代表 json 对象数组
• JSON代表 JSONObject和JSONArray的转化

public void json4()  {
   User user1 = new User(1,"张三","123444");
   User user2 = new User(2,"李四","123444");
   User user3 = new User(3,"王五","123444");
   User user4 = new User(4,"小六","123444");
   List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
   list.add(user1);
   list.add(user2);
   list.add(user3);
   list.add(user4);
   //Java对象 转 JSON字符串
   String str1 = JSON.toJSONString(list);
   String str2 = JSON.toJSONString(user1);
   //JSON字符串 转 Java对象
   JSONObject jb1 = JSON.parseObject(str1);
   User user5 = JSON.parseObject(str2, User.class);
   //Java对象 转 JSON对象
   JSONObject jb2 = (JSONObject) JSON.toJSON(user2);
   System.out.println(jb2.getString("name"));
   //JSON对象 转 Java对象
   User user6 = JSON.toJavaObject(jb2, User.class);
}

内容参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aE41167Tu
仅用于学习！