Linux 环境中fork()函数的使用

1.函数简介：fork()英文单词意思是叉子，分叉；那么在计算机中fork()就是分叉函数。

Linux中的fork()函数名、头文件、作用、返回值：

NAME
       fork - create a child process

SYNOPSIS
       #include <unistd.h>    // 头文件

       pid_t fork(void);    // 函数原型

DESCRIPTION
       fork()  creates a new process by duplicating the calling process.  The    
       new process is referred to as the child process.  The calling  process
       is referred to as the parent process.

RETURN VALUE

       On  success,  the  PID of the child process is returned in the parent,
       and 0 is returned in the child.  On failure, -1  is  returned  in  the
       parent, no child process is created, and errno is set appropriately.

总结：fork()函数作用为创建一个新进程/子进程；

          fork()成功时, 返回值pid_t>0,则在父进程中返回子进程的PID； 返回值pid_t = 0时，则在子进程中返回0

          fork()失败时，返回值为pid_t=-1，在父进程中返回，未创建子进程，并合理设置错误信息。