30分钟打造属于自己的Flutter内存泄漏检测工具---FlutterLeakCanary

思路

检测

通过借鉴Android的内存泄漏检测工具LeakCanary的原理,使用弱引用持有引用,当这个引用执行释放动作的时候,执行Full GC后,如果弱引用的持有还在,那么就代表这个引用泄漏了。

Dart 也有弱引用-----WeakReference

关于Dart弱引用WeakReference怎么使用,我的这篇文章2分钟教你Flutter怎么避免引用内存泄漏>>会对你有帮助.

如何执行Full GC?

通过使用vm_service这个插件,在Dev可以执行Full GC请求,通过获取VmService的引用后,调用执行

vms.getAllocationProfile(isolate!.id!, gc: true)

就可以请求Full GC

如何知道一个引用他的文件路径以及类名?

vm_service这个插件里面有Api支持反射获取ClassRef读取引用里面的属性名,类名,以及路径等。

代码实践

有了以上的思路,我们就可以通过代码方式来实现检测内存泄漏,然后把泄漏的引用通知到UI展示出来。
代码我已经写好在 flutter_leak_canary: ^1.0.1,可做参考修改

第一步,实现Full GC

  1. 添加vm_service插件,获取VmService引用
 Future<VmService?> getVmService() async {
   if (_vmService == null && debug) {
     ServiceProtocolInfo serviceProtocolInfo = await Service.getInfo();
     _observatoryUri = serviceProtocolInfo.serverUri;
     if (_observatoryUri != null) {
       Uri url = convertToWebSocketUrl(serviceProtocolUrl: _observatoryUri!);
       try {
         _vmService = await vmServiceConnectUri(url.toString());
       } catch (error, stack) {
         print(stack);
       }
     }
   }
   return _vmService;
 }

  1. 执行GC的时候,flutter的无效引用回收是每个Isolate线程独立的,因为内存独立,相互不受影响。由于我们几乎所有代码都在UI线程执行的,所以我们需要进行筛选出UI线程,也就是’main’线程。
Future<VM?> getVM() async {
  if (!debug) {
    return null;
  }
  return _vm ??= await (await getVmService())?.getVM();
}

//获取ui线程
Future<Isolate?> getMainIsolate() async {
  if (!debug) {
    return null;
  }
  IsolateRef? ref;
  final vm = await getVM();
  if (vm == null) return null;
  //筛选出ui线程的索引
  var index = vm.isolates?.indexWhere((element) => element.name == 'main');
  if (index != -1) {
    ref = vm.isolates![index!];
  }
  final vms = await getVmService();
  if (ref?.id != null) {
    return vms?.getIsolate(ref!.id!);
  }
  return null;
}

3.根据上面方法,落实Full GC

//请求执行Full GC
Future try2GC() async {
  if (!debug) {
    return;
  }
  final vms = await getVmService();
  if (vms == null) return null;
  final isolate = await getMainIsolate();
  if (isolate?.id != null) {
    await vms.getAllocationProfile(isolate!.id!, gc: true);
  }
}

第二步,如何根据对象引用,获取出他的类名,路径等信息。

  1. 思路大概是这样,通过一个文件的路径能获取当前LibraryRef对象,通过这个LibraryRef对象可以调用这个文件里面的顶级函数,返回值可以加工得到刚才提过的ClassRef。
  2. 利用这个特性,我们可以先把需要检测的对象,丢到一个Map里面,然后写一个高级函数返回这个map保存的对象。然后通过api获取这个对象id后,可以得到Obj, 根据Obj可以得到对应Instance,这个Instance里面就有ClassRef

具体实现如下:

const String vmServiceHelperLiraryPath =
    'package:flutter_leak_canary/vm_service_helper.dart';
//dont remove this method, it's invoked by getObjectId
String getLiraryResponse() {
  return "Hello LeakCanary";
}
//dont remove this method, it's invoked by getObjectId
dynamic popSnapObject(String objectKey) {
  final object = _snapWeakReferenceMap[objectKey];
  return object?.target;
}

//
class VmServiceHelper {
//....    

//根据文件获取getLiraryByPath
Future<LibraryRef?> getLiraryByPath(String libraryPath) async {
  if (!debug) {
    return null;
  }
  Isolate? mainIsolate = await getMainIsolate();
  if (mainIsolate != null) {
    final libraries = mainIsolate.libraries;
    if (libraries != null) {
      final index =
          libraries.indexWhere((element) => element.uri == libraryPath);
      if (index != -1) {
        return libraries[index];
      }
    }
  }
  return null;
}

//通过顶部函数间接获取这个对象的objectId
Future<String?> getObjectId(WeakReference obj) async {
  if (!debug) {
    return null;
  }
  final library = await getLiraryByPath(vmServiceHelperLiraryPath);
  if (library == null || library.id == null) return null;
  final vms = await getVmService();
  if (vms == null) return null;
  final mainIsolate = await getMainIsolate();
  if (mainIsolate == null || mainIsolate.id == null) return null;
  Response libRsp =
      await vms.invoke(mainIsolate.id!, library.id!, 'getLiraryResponse', []);
  final libRspRef = InstanceRef.parse(libRsp.json);
  String? libRspRefVs = libRspRef?.valueAsString;
  if (libRspRefVs == null) return null;
  _snapWeakReferenceMap[libRspRefVs] = obj;
  try {
    Response popSnapObjectRsp = await vms.invoke(
        mainIsolate.id!, library.id!, "popSnapObject", [libRspRef!.id!]);
    final instanceRef = InstanceRef.parse(popSnapObjectRsp.json);
    return instanceRef?.id;
  } catch (e, stack) {
    print('getObjectId $stack');
  } finally {
    _snapWeakReferenceMap.remove(libRspRefVs);
  }
  return null;
}


//根据objectId获取Obj
Future<Obj?> getObjById(String objectId) async 
  if (!debug) {
    return null;
  }
  final vms = await getVmService();
  if (vms == null) return null;
  final mainIsolate = await getMainIsolate();
  if (mainIsolate?.id != null) {
    try {
      Obj obj = await vms.getObject(mainIsolate
      return obj;
    } catch (e, stack) {
      print('getObjById>>$stack');
    }
  }
  return null;
}


//根据objectId获取Instance.  
Future<Instance?> getInstanceByObjectId(String objectId) async {
  if (!debug) {
    return null;
  }
  Obj? obj = await getObjById(objectId);
  if (obj != null) {
    var instance = Instance.parse(obj.json);
    return instance;
  }
  return null;
}

//根据objectId获取出具体的类名,文件名,类在文件的第几行,第几列
//顶级函数>objectId>Obj>Instance
Future<LeakCanaryWeakModel?> _runQuery(objectId) async {
  final vmsh = VmServiceHelper();
  Instance? instance = await vmsh.getInstanceByObjectId(objectId!);
  if (instance != null &&
      instance.id != 'objects/null' &&
      instance.classRef is ClassRef) {
    ClassRef? targetClassRef = instance.classRef;
    final wm = LeakCanaryWeakModel(
        className: targetClassRef!.name,
        line: targetClassRef.location?.line,
        column: targetClassRef.location?.column,
        classFileName: targetClassRef.library?.uri);
    print(wm.className);
    return wm;
  }
  return null;
}

}

//泄漏信息模型
class LeakCanaryWeakModel {
  //泄漏时间
  late int createTime;
  //类名
  final String? className;
//所在文件名
  final String? classFileName;
  //所在列
  final int? line;
  //所在行数
  final int? column;

  LeakCanaryWeakModel({required this.className,required this.classFileName,required this.column,required this.line,}) {
    createTime = DateTime.now().millisecondsSinceEpoch;
  }
}


第三步,定义工具接口

定义一个接口,里面有添加监听,检测是否泄漏,获取当前泄漏的引用列表,通知当前有泄漏的引用

abstract class LeakCanaryMananger {
  //具体实现管理类,这个后面会介绍
  factory LeakCanaryMananger() => _LeakCanaryMananger();
  //监听当前引用,初始化时候调用
  void watch(WeakReference obj);
  //生命周期结束的以后,检测引用有没有泄漏
  void try2Check(WeakReference wr);
  //当前的泄漏列表
  List<LeakCanaryWeakModel> get canaryModels;
  //当前内存有新泄漏引用通知
  ValueNotifier get leakCanaryModelNotifier;
}

第四步,添加代理类,隔离实现类


class FlutterLeakCanary implements LeakCanaryMananger {
  final _helper = LeakCanaryMananger();
  static final _instance = FlutterLeakCanary._();
  FlutterLeakCanary._();
  factory() => _instance;

  static FlutterLeakCanary get() {
    return _instance;
  }

  
  void watch(obj) {
     _helper.watch(obj);
  }

  
  void try2Check(WeakReference wr) {
    _helper.try2Check(wr);
  }

  void addListener(VoidCallback listener) {
    _helper.leakCanaryModelNotifier.addListener(listener);
  }

  void removeListener(VoidCallback listener) {
    _helper.leakCanaryModelNotifier.removeListener(listener);
  }
  
  
  
  List<LeakCanaryWeakModel> get canaryModels => List.unmodifiable(_helper.canaryModels);
  
  
  ValueNotifier get leakCanaryModelNotifier => _helper.leakCanaryModelNotifier;
}



第五步, 提供State的mixin监听类

我们最不希望看到的泄漏类,一定是state。他泄漏后,他的context,也就是element无法回收,然后它里面持有所有的渲染相关的引用都无法回收,这个泄漏非常严重。
通过WeakReference来持有这个对象以来可以用来检测,二来避免自己写的工具导致内存泄漏。
initState的时候,把它放到检测队列,dispose以后进行检测

mixin LeakCanaryStateMixin<T extends StatefulWidget> on State<T> {
  late WeakReference _wr;
  String? objId;
  
  
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _wr = WeakReference(this);
    FlutterLeakCanary.get().watch(_wr);
  }

  
  
  void dispose() {
    super.dispose();
    FlutterLeakCanary.get().try2Check(_wr);
  }
}

第六步,提供其他类的mixin监听类


mixin LeakCanarySimpleMixin {
 late WeakReference _wr;
 String? objId;
 void watch()  {
   _wr = WeakReference(this);
  FlutterLeakCanary.get().watch(_wr);
 }
 void try2Check() {
   FlutterLeakCanary.get().try2Check(_wr);
 }
}

第七步,实现具体的管理类

对于引用的检测,是把引用包装到GCRunnable,使用消费者设计模型来做,3秒轮询检测一次。尽量用线程去分担检测,避免影响UI线程性能开销的统计。



class _LeakCanaryMananger implements LeakCanaryMananger {
  static final vmsh = VmServiceHelper();
  //objId:instance
  final _objectWeakReferenceMap = HashMap<int, WeakReference?>();
  List<GCRunnable> runnables = [];
  Timer? timer;
  bool isDetecting = false;
  //3秒轮训
  loopRunnables() {
    timer ??= Timer.periodic(Duration(seconds: 3), (timer) {
      if (isDetecting) {
        return;
      }
      if (runnables.isNotEmpty) {
        isDetecting = true;
        final trunnables = List<GCRunnable>.unmodifiable(runnables);
        runnables.clear();
        //使用线程去GC
        compute(runGc, null).then((value) async {
          await Future.forEach<GCRunnable>(trunnables, (runnable) async {
            if (runnable.objectId == "objects/null") {
              return;
            }
            try {
              
              final LeakCanaryWeakModel? wm = await runnable.run();
              //如果非空,就是泄漏了,然后对泄漏的进行class信息获取,发送到订阅的地方,一般是ui,进行刷新
              if (wm != null) {
                canaryModels.add(wm);
                leakCanaryModelNotifier.value = wm;
              }
            } catch (e, s) {
              print(s);
            } finally {
              _objectWeakReferenceMap.remove(runnable.wkObj.hashCode);
            }
          });
          isDetecting = false;
        });
      }
    });
  }

  
  void watch(WeakReference wr) async {
    bool isDebug = false;
    assert(() {
      isDebug = true;
      return true;
    }());
    if (!isDebug) {
      return;
    }
    _objectWeakReferenceMap[wr.hashCode] = wr;
    loopRunnables();
  }

  
  ValueNotifier leakCanaryModelNotifier = ValueNotifier(null);


	 //添加到待检测执行队列里,轮询扫描的时候执行,这样可以避免检测瓶颈
  void _check(WeakReference? wr) {
    assert(() {
      WeakReference? wkObj = _objectWeakReferenceMap[wr.hashCode];
      runnables.add(GCRunnable(wkObj: wkObj));
      return true;
    }());
  }

  
  void try2Check(WeakReference wr) async {
    bool isDebug = false;
    assert(() {
      isDebug = true;
      return true;
    }());
    if (!isDebug) {
      return;
    }
    if (wr.target != null) {
      _check(wr);
    }
  }

  
  List<LeakCanaryWeakModel> canaryModels = [];
}


class GCRunnable {
  String? objectId;
  final WeakReference? wkObj;

  GCRunnable({required this.wkObj});
  Future<LeakCanaryWeakModel?> run() async {
    if (wkObj?.target != null) {
      final vmsh = VmServiceHelper();
      //cant quary objectId with isolate, but quary instance
      objectId = await vmsh.getObjectId(wkObj!);
      LeakCanaryWeakModel? weakModel = await compute(_runQuery, object
      return weakModel;
    }
  }
}


运行测试

环境配置 --disable-dds

VsCode需要配置.vscode

“configurations”: [
{

“args”: [
“–disable-dds”
],
“type”: “dart”
},

]

Android Studio

在这里插入图片描述

检验成果

读下面的代码,看看那些会泄漏,然后在看看结果。

class WeakPage extends StatefulWidget {
  const WeakPage({super.key});

  
  State<WeakPage> createState() => _WeakPageState();
}

class TestModel with LeakCanarySimpleMixin {
  Timer? timer;
  int count = 0;
  init() {
    watch();
    timer = Timer.periodic(Duration(seconds: 1), (timer) {
      count++;
      print("TestModel $count");
    });
  }

  void dispose() {
    // timer?.cancel();
    try2Check();
  }
}

class TestModel2 with LeakCanarySimpleMixin {
  Timer? timer;
  int count = 0;
  init() {
    watch();
  }

  void dispose() {
    timer?.cancel();
    timer = null;
    try2Check();
  }
}

class _WeakPageState extends State<WeakPage> with LeakCanarySta
  TestModel? test = TestModel();
  TestModel2? test2 = TestModel2();
  Timer? timer;
  int count = 0;
  
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    test?.init();
    test2?.init();
    timer = Timer.periodic(Duration(seconds: 1), (timer) {
      count++;
       print("_WeakPageState ${count}");
    });
  }

  
  void dispose() {
    // TODO: implement dispose
    super.dispose();
    //timer.cancel();
    test?.dispose();
    test2?.dispose();
    test = null;
    test2 = null;
  }

  
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Material(
      child: Center(
        child: Container(
          child: InkWell(
              onTap: () {
                Navigator.of(context).pop();
              },
              child: Text('back')),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }


泄漏结果:

在这里插入图片描述

需要获取源码的同学,到这里获取,点击>>flutter_leak_canary: ^1.0.1<<

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