Socket编程
Socket用于跨主机的进程间通信,使用IP + Port
来唯一标识进程。
Socket是对TCP/IP协议的抽象,是操作系统对外开放的接口,使得开发人员更容易使用TCP/IP协议栈。
Socket起源于UNIX,遵循UNIX“一切皆文件”的设计哲学:
- Socket双方,即服务器和客户端需各自维护一个文件;
- 通信开始前,创建并打开该文件;
- 通信结束后,关闭并销毁该文件。
Socket通信流程
Socket相关的面试题
基于TCP/UDP实现Socket编程
题目描述
编写一个网络应用程序,有客户端与服务器端,客户端向服务器发送一个字符串,服务器端收到该字符串后将其打印到命令行,然后向客户端返回该字符串的长度,最后,客户端输出服务器端返回的该字符串的长度,分别用TCP和UDP两种方式实现。
TCP实现
LengthCalculator.java
package me.yobol.socket.tcp;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
public class LengthCalculator implements Runnable {
private Socket socket;
public LengthCalculator(Socket socket) {
this.socket = socket;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
// 获取socket的输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
int len = 0;
byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
// buff以byte数组的形式读取输入的内容
len = is.read(buff);
// 将读取的内容转换成字符串,并打印到命令行
String content = new String(byte, 0, len);
System.out.println(content);
// 往输出流中写入获得的字符串的长度,回发给客户端
// 获取socket的输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write(String.valueOf(content.length()).getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
is.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
}
TCPServer.java
package me.yobol.socket.tcp;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TCPServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建socket,并将socket绑定到64321端口
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(64321);
// 死循环,使得socket一直等待并处理客户端发送过来的请求
while (true) {
// 监听64321端口,直到客户端返回连接信息后才返回
Socket socket = ss.accept();
// 获取客户端的请求信息后,执行相关业务逻辑
new Thread(new LengthCalculator(socket)).start();
}
}
}
TCPClient.java
package me.yobol.socket.tcp
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TCPClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 创建socket,指定连接服务器进程
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 64321);
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
// 向服务器发送
os.write(new String("Hello World").getBytes());
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
int len = 0;
byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
// 从服务器接收数据
len = is.read(buff);
String content = new String(buff, 0, len);
System.out.println(content);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
is.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
}
UDP实现
UDPServer.java
package me.yobol.socket.udp
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
public class UDPServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 服务器端监听65001端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(65001);
// 接收客户端发送的数据报
byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packetFromClient = new DatagramPacket(buff, buff.length);
// 接收客户端发送过来的内容,并将其内容封装进DatagramPacket对象中
socket.receive(packetFromClient);
// 从DatagramPacket对象中获取数据
String content = new String(packetFromClient.getData(), 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(content);
// 将要发送给客户端的数据转换成二进制
buff = String.valueOf(content.length()).getBytes();
// 向客户端发送数据报
DatagramSocket packetToClient = new DatagramPacket(buff, buff.length, packetFromClient.getAddress(), packetFromClient.getPort());
socket.send(packetToClient);
}
}
UDPClient.java
package me.yobol.socket.udp
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
public class UDPClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
// 将IP地址封装成InetAddress对象
InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
byte[] buff = new String("Hello World").getBytes();
DatagramPacket packetToServer = new DatagramPacket(buff, buff.length, address, 65001);
// 发送数据报到服务器
socket.send(packetToServer);
// 接收服务器发送过来的数据报
buff = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packetFromServer = new DatagramPacket(buff, buff.length);
socket.receive(packetFromServer);
String content = new String(packetFromServer.getData(), 0, packetFromServer.getLength());
System.out.println(content);
}
}