ubuntu16.04中安装mysql和设置中文编码

弄这东西用了两天，坑爹啊，不过终于弄好了，还有发现的一些不错的，一块分享给大家，以免以后有人再像我这样浪费时间

一：

删除 mysql
sudo apt-get autoremove --purge mysql-server-5.7(注意这里是自己之前安装的mysql的对应版本)
sudo apt-get remove mysql-server
sudo apt-get autoremove mysql-server
sudo apt-get remove mysql-common //这个很重要
清理残留数据
dpkg -l |grep ^rc|awk '{print $2}' |sudo xargs dpkg -P

二：

安装mysql

1.安装

sudo apt-get install mysql-server(此处会提示设置密码)
sudo apt-get install mysql-client
sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev

如果中途有问题就执行以下 apt-get update

2.检查是否安装成功

sudo netstat -tap | grep mysql

(注意，本机没有设置远程连接，如果需要的话自行百度一下)

到此，数据库已经安装好了

三：支持中文编码(采用的是utf8)

(注：由于不能直接复制粘贴图片，所以都采用文字描述)

先登录数据库，然后输入show variables like 'character_set%';

查看此时的编码格式

接下来要修改两个位置

1.修改/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/my-default.cnf

wuxiushu@root:~$ sudo su
root@root:/home/wuxiushu# cd /etc/mysql
root@root:/etc/mysql# ls
conf.d      debian-start  my.cnf.fallback  mysql.conf.d
debian.cnf  my.cnf        mysql.cnf
root@root:/etc/mysql# cd mysql.conf.d
root@root:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d# ls
mysqld.cnf  mysqld_safe_syslog.cnf
root@root:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d# gedit mysqld.cnf

在[mysqld]下面添加

[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user        = mysql
pid-file    = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port        = 3306
basedir        = /usr
datadir        = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir        = /tmp
lc-messages-dir    = /usr/share/mysql
skip-external-locking

此位置下面添加下面三句
default-storage-engine=INNODB 
character-set-server=utf8 
collation-server=utf8_general_ci

保存退出

2.修改/usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf

wuxiushu@root:~$ sudo su
root@root:/home/wuxiushu# cd /usr/share/mysql
root@root:/usr/share/mysql# ls
bulgarian                    magic
charsets                     my-default.cnf
czech                        mysqld_multi.server
danish                       mysql-log-rotate
debian_create_root_user.sql  mysql_security_commands.sql
dictionary.txt               mysql_sys_schema.sql
docs                         mysql-systemd-start
dutch                        mysql_system_tables_data.sql
echo_stderr                  mysql_system_tables.sql
english                      mysql_test_data_timezone.sql
errmsg-utf8.txt              norwegian
estonian                     norwegian-ny
fill_help_tables.sql         polish
french                       portuguese
german                       romanian
greek                        russian
hungarian                    serbian
innodb_memcached_config.sql  slovak
install_rewriter.sql         spanish
italian                      swedish
japanese                     ukrainian
korean                       uninstall_rewriter.sql
root@root:/usr/share/mysql# gedit my-default.cnf

[mysqld]下面修改为

[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8

3.重启mysql

sudo service mysql restart

启动mysql

mysql -u root -p

之后再次输入show variables like 'character_set%';

运行结果如下

mysql> show variables like 'character_set%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)