Docker命令
帮助命令
docker version # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info # 显示Docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令
帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/reference/
镜像命令
docker images
[root@ecs-029-docker docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest a29f45ccde2a 9 months ago 9.14kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
# 可选项
Options:
-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images)列出所有的镜像
--digests Show digests
-q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs 只显示镜像的ID
docker search 搜索镜像
[root@ecs-029-docker docker]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10053 [OK]
# 可选项,通过收藏来过滤
--filter=stars=3000 搜索出来的镜像就是stars>3000的
docker pull 下载镜像
# docker pull 镜像名字[:tag]
[root@ecs-029-docker docker]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写 tag，默认就是 latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
bb79b6b2107f: Pull complete # 分层下载，docker image核心 联合文件系统
49e22f6fb9f7: Pull complete
842b1255668c: Pull complete
9f48d1f43000: Pull complete
c693f0615bce: Pull complete
8a621b9dbed2: Pull complete
0807d32aef13: Pull complete
9eb4355ba450: Pull complete
6879faad3b6c: Pull complete
164ef92f3887: Pull complete
6e4a6e666228: Pull complete
d45dea7731ad: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:86b7c83e24c824163927db1016d5ab153a9a04358951be8b236171286e3289a4 # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 两者等价
# 指定版本下载
[root@ecs-029-docker-x86 ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
bb79b6b2107f: Already exists
49e22f6fb9f7: Already exists
842b1255668c: Already exists
9f48d1f43000: Already exists
c693f0615bce: Already exists
8a621b9dbed2: Already exists
0807d32aef13: Already exists
6d2fc69dfa35: Pull complete
56153548dd2c: Pull complete
3bb6ba940303: Pull complete
3e1888da91a7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b3dc8d10307ab7b9ca1a7981b1601a67e176408be618fc4216d137be37dae10b
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
docker rmi 删除镜像
docker rmi -f 42cdba9f1b08[镜像ID] # 删除一个镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除所有镜像
docker rmi -f [镜像ID] [镜像ID]... # 删除多个镜像
容器命令
说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器,linux,下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name" # 容器名字，用来区分容器
-d # 后台方式运行，nohup
-it # 使用交互模式，进入容器，查看内容
-p # 指定容器端口，-p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口（常用）
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P # 随机指定端口
# 测试，启动并进入容器
docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@6fe35d7a3bb3 /]# ls # 查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 退出容器
[root@6fe35d7a3bb3 /]# exit
exit
列出所有的运行的容器
# docker ps 命令
# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号
退出容器
exit # 容器直接停止并退出
ctrl + P + Q #容器不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除,rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器
启动和停止容器
docker start 容器ID # 启动容器
docker restart 容器ID # 重启容器
docker stop 容器ID # 停止当前运行容器
docker kill 容器ID # 强制停止当前容器
常用其他命令
# docker run -d 镜像名
[root@ecs-029-docker-x86 /]# docker run -d centos
# 问题：docker ps的时候发现centos停止了
# 常见的坑：docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，没有程序了
查看日志命令
# 查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器,没有日志
# 自己编写一段脚本
[root@ecs-029-docker-x86 /]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo yangjian;sleep 1;done"
[root@ecs-029-docker-x86 /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e70c82f6b9c6 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds lucid_kirch
# 显示日志
docker logs
-f # 字符串显示
-t # 带上时间戳
--tail # 要显示的日志数
docker logs -f -t e70c82f6b9c6 # 显示所有日志
docker logs -f -t --tail e70c82f6b9c6 # 显示指定行数的日志
查看容器中的进程信息
# top命令 docker top 容器ID
[root@ecs-029-docker-x86 /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e70c82f6b9c6 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes lucid_kirch
[root@ecs-029-docker-x86 /]# docker top e70c82f6b9c6
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 24592 24575 0 09:27 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo yangjian;sleep 1;done
root 25110 24592 0 09:34 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
查看镜像的元数据
# 命令：
docker inspect 容器ID
[root@ecs-029-docker-x86 /]# docker inspect e70c82f6b9c6
[
{
"Id": "e70c82f6b9c6ab319750c7458f8b17dc271e924ebbb977a7db317ae59e273bbc",
"Created": "2020-10-18T01:27:46.446357531Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo yangjian;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 24592,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-10-18T01:27:46.688127544Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e70c82f6b9c6ab319750c7458f8b17dc271e924ebbb977a7db317ae59e273bbc/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e70c82f6b9c6ab319750c7458f8b17dc271e924ebbb977a7db317ae59e273bbc/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e70c82f6b9c6ab319750c7458f8b17dc271e924ebbb977a7db317ae59e273bbc/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e70c82f6b9c6ab319750c7458f8b17dc271e924ebbb977a7db317ae59e273bbc/e70c82f6b9c6ab319750c7458f8b17dc271e924ebbb977a7db317ae59e273bbc-json.log",
"Name": "/lucid_kirch",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/11d292a78b3e087c19e72300cee3a27fd0316b92b17834d5f1f8d1d203bb95d8-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bbcc41cb4e6f32dc0745346446acff77d9bc91caa488d77a563d1fa2e09da7ef/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/11d292a78b3e087c19e72300cee3a27fd0316b92b17834d5f1f8d1d203bb95d8/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/11d292a78b3e087c19e72300cee3a27fd0316b92b17834d5f1f8d1d203bb95d8/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/11d292a78b3e087c19e72300cee3a27fd0316b92b17834d5f1f8d1d203bb95d8/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "e70c82f6b9c6",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo yangjian;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "a72a2825ffec96b0c200ec2989b23b643e25b9d439bcfc124cb3f4504c16881a",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/a72a2825ffec",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "eca2863d687cc6b9c0935d2497907ff712905354c6895d17e78b73b869c89e43",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "8f377385b3ccdda29ce0eb54359fe80cb7c41775c90d5dbac1188aa30755e573",
"EndpointID": "eca2863d687cc6b9c0935d2497907ff712905354c6895d17e78b73b869c89e43",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是通过后台方式运行的，需要进入容器修改一些配置
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器ID bashShell
[root@ecs-029-docker-x86 /]# docker exec -it e70c82f6b9c6 /bin/bash
[root@e70c82f6b9c6 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@e70c82f6b9c6 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 01:27 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo yangjian;sleep 1;done
root 963 0 0 01:43 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 988 1 0 01:43 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 989 963 0 01:43 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -efD bashShell
[root@ecs-029-docker-x86 /]# docker exec -it e70c82f6b9c6 /bin/bash
[root@e70c82f6b9c6 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@e70c82f6b9c6 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 01:27 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo yangjian;sleep 1;done
root 963 0 0 01:43 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 988 1 0 01:43 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 989 963 0 01:43 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
# 方式2
docker attach 容器ID # 正在执行当前的代码
# docker exec 进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面进行操作
# docker attach 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程
从容器内拷贝到主机上
docker cp 容器ID:容器内路径 目的地的主机路径
# 测试
# 进入docker容器内部
[root@ecs-029-docker-x86 home]# docker attach 0e1093ef735b
[root@0e1093ef735b /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@0e1093ef735b /]# cd home/
# 在容器内新建一个文件
[root@0e1093ef735b home]# touch test.java
[root@0e1093ef735b home]# exit
exit
[root@ecs-029-docker-x86 home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@ecs-029-docker-x86 home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0e1093ef735b centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 seconds ago xenodochial_aryabhata
# 将文件拷贝出来到主机上
[root@ecs-029-docker-x86 home]# docker cp 0e1093ef735b:/home/test.java /home
[root@ecs-029-docker-x86 home]# ls
test.java yangjian.java
# 拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用 -v卷的技术，可以实现，自动同步
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