nio与netty

IO分为三种

  1. BIO(传统IO) 同步阻塞IO
  2. NIO同步非阻塞IO
  3. AIO异步非阻塞IO(涉及linux网络底层,太难,这里不讨论)

阻塞和非阻塞区别:
传统IO是阻塞的,因为read(),write()方法就是阻塞的,此时必须等读完了或者写完了才能进行后面的操作。NIO是非阻塞的,才用多路复用技术,把read()和write()单独给了一个线程,由操作系统完成,所以操作系统读完了或者写完了只需要给我们代码发个消息,代码直接去拿结果,中间不用等待,可以做自己的事。

原生NIO代码

package cn.nio;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectableChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class NIOService {
	
	private Selector selector;
	
	public void initService() throws IOException{
		ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
		serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
		serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(12345));
		this.selector = Selector.open();
		serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
		System.out.println("【星际联邦】:开启服务成功");
	}
	
	public void listenService() throws IOException{
		while(true){
			selector.select();
			Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = this.selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
			while(iterator.hasNext()){
				SelectionKey selectionKey = iterator.next();
				iterator.remove();
				if (selectionKey.isAcceptable()) {
					ServerSocketChannel server = (ServerSocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
					SocketChannel channel = server.accept();
					channel.configureBlocking(false);
					channel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap("【星际联邦】:您已成功连接星际联邦。".getBytes("UTF-8")));
					channel.register(this.selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
				}else if (selectionKey.isReadable()) {
					SocketChannel channel =(SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
					ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4096);
					channel.read(byteBuffer);
					byte[] data = byteBuffer.array();
					String message = new String(data).trim();
					System.out.println("【星际联邦】:接受到消息"+message);
					ByteBuffer responseBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(new String("【星际联邦】:星际联邦已派企业号前往").getBytes("UTF-8"));
					channel.write(responseBuffer);
				}
			}
		}
	}

}

public class StartService {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		NIOService service = new NIOService();
		try {
			service.initService();
			service.listenService();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
}
package cn.nio;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class NIOClient {
	
	private Selector selector;
	
	public void initClient() throws IOException{
		SocketChannel channel = SocketChannel.open();
		channel.configureBlocking(false);
		selector = Selector.open();
		channel.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 12345));
		channel.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
		System.out.println("客户端启动成功");
	}
	
	public void listenClient() throws IOException{
		while(true){
			selector.select();
			Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
			while(iterator.hasNext()){
				SelectionKey key = iterator.next();
				iterator.remove();
				if (key.isConnectable()) {
					SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
					if (socketChannel.isConnectionPending()) {
						socketChannel.finishConnect();
					}
					socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
					socketChannel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(new String("hello word").getBytes("UTF-8")));
					socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
				}else if (key.isReadable()) {
					SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
					ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4096);
					socketChannel.read(byteBuffer);
					byte[] date = byteBuffer.array();
					String message = new String(date).trim();
					System.out.println("【客户端收到的消息为】:"+message);
					//ByteBuffer outBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(message.getBytes("utf-8"));
					//socketChannel.write(outBuffer);// 将消息回送给客户端
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

package cn.nio;

import java.io.IOException;

public class StartClinet {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		NIOClient client = new NIOClient();
		try {
			client.initClient();
			client.listenClient();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
	}
	
}

由于每次需要写这么多代码,于是一般使用第三方框架netty
netty注重点不在连接,而在我们的处理逻辑,逻辑一般写在handler

package day01.netty;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;

public class EchoService {

	public void initService() {
		NioEventLoopGroup nioEventLoopGroup = null;
		try {
			//server端引导类
			ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
			//连接池数据,netty自动弄的连接池
			nioEventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
			//装配bootstap
			serverBootstrap.group(nioEventLoopGroup)
			//通道类型为NioServerSocketChannel
			.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
			//监听端口号
			.localAddress(12345)
					.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
						@Override
						protected void initChannel(Channel channel) throws Exception {
							//全是模板代码,主要是这里绑定handler
							channel.pipeline().addLast(new EchoServiceHandler());
						}
					});
			// 最后绑定服务器等待直到绑定完成,调用sync()方法会阻塞直到服务器完成绑定,然后服务器等待通道关闭,因为使用sync(),所以关闭操作也会被阻塞。
			ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind().sync();
			System.out.println("netty服务端启动成功");
			channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally {
			try {
				nioEventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		EchoService echoService = new EchoService();
		echoService.initService();
	}
}

package day01.netty;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;

public class EchoServiceHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

	/**
	 * 服务端获取请求的时候被调用
	 */
	@Override
	public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
		ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf)msg;
        byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
        buf.readBytes(req);
        String content = new String(req,"UTF-8");
        System.out.println("netty服务端接受到的消息是:"+content);
        String rsp = "我是netty服务端,我已收到"+content;//响应内容
        ByteBuf rspBuf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(rsp.getBytes());
        ctx.write(rspBuf);//响应给客户端
	}
	
	/**
	 * channelRead方法完成之后调用
	 */
	@Override
	public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
		ctx.flush();//flush之后才是真的发送了
		System.out.println("netty服务端响应成功");
	}
	
	/**
	 * 发生异常时候被调用
	 */
	@Override
	public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
		cause.printStackTrace();
		ctx.close();
	}
}

package day01.netty;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

public class EchoClient {

	private String ip;
	private Integer port;

	public EchoClient() {
		super();
	}

	public EchoClient(String ip, Integer port) {
		super();
		this.ip = ip;
		this.port = port;
	}

	public String getIp() {
		return ip;
	}

	public void setIp(String ip) {
		this.ip = ip;
	}

	public Integer getPort() {
		return port;
	}

	public void setPort(Integer port) {
		this.port = port;
	}

	public void initClient() throws Exception {
		Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
		NioEventLoopGroup nioEventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
		bootstrap.group(nioEventLoopGroup).channel(NioSocketChannel.class).remoteAddress(new InetSocketAddress(ip, port)).handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {//业务处理类
			@Override
			protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)
					throws Exception {
				ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoClientHandler());//注册handler
			}
		});
		ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect().sync();
		channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
		nioEventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
	}

	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		EchoClient client = new EchoClient("127.0.0.1", 12345);
		client.initClient();
	}
}

package day01.netty;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

public class EchoClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ByteBuf>{

	/**
	 * 客户端连接服务器后被调用
	 * 发送请求
	 */
	@Override
	public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
		byte[] req = "hello word".getBytes();//消息
		ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.buffer(req.length);//把消息放入缓冲里面
		buf.writeBytes(req);//发送消息
		ctx.writeAndFlush(buf);//flush之后才是发送过去了
		System.out.println("netty客户端发送请求成功hello word");
	}
	
	/**
	 * 服务端给客户端发消息时被调用
	 * 获得响应
	 */
	@Override
	protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext chx, ByteBuf msg) throws Exception {
		ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
		byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
		buf.readBytes(req);
		String rsp = new String(req, "UTF-8");
		System.out.println("netty客户端获得响应,内容是:"+rsp);
	}

	/**
	 * 发生异常后被调用
	 */
	@Override
	public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
		cause.printStackTrace();
		ctx.close();
	}

}

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